In 2005, young men and women differed very little in their degree of support for Labour or the Conservatives, but young men were more supportive of the Liberal Democrats than young women. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Power of trade unions - 1978-79 wave of strikes by public sector workers (Winter of Discontent.). The British Election Study, the highest quality post-election survey data available, shows us that in most elections women and men have voted at roughly similar rates. The previous parliamentary term had begun in October 1974, when Harold Wilson led Labour to a majority of three seats, seven months after forming a minority government following a hung parliament and the failure of Edward Heath's Conservative government to form a coalition with the Liberals. 1 - Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990). Sixty per cent report voting for the same party in 1974 and 1979, 22 per cent report switching their vote, and 18 per cent voted in only one of the two elections. Create and find flashcards in record time. They made up three per cent of Parliament. medianet_width = "300"; [17] Sociologists Mark Mitchell and Dave Russell responded that Thatcher had been badly misinterpreted, arguing that race was never an important focus of Thatcherism. Again, Labour led in all ethnicity categories in the published exit poll, but while this was only a 10 point lead for white voters, it was much larger among minority-ethnic groups. In 2005 and 2010 the gender gap moved in favour of Labour and opinion polling since 2010 suggests that the gap has become even larger. Archive copy By-elections 1979-83 2 General Election May 1979 By-election March 1982 Ind Lab 692 1.5 UL Loy Dem 576 1.3 United lab 303 0.7 One Hum Fam 137 0.3 Peace State 12 n s. Archive copy. This was a decrease in women MPs from the previous general election of 1974 when 27 women MPs were elected. The election was the first of four consecutive election The key dates were as follows: Britain's economy during the 1970s was so weak that Labour minister James Callaghan warned his fellow Cabinet members in 1974 of the possibility of "a breakdown of democracy", telling them: "If I were a young man, I would emigrate. "to restore the health of our economic and social life, by controlling inflation and striking a fair balance between the rights and duties of the trade union movement"; "to restore incentives so that hard work pays, success is rewarded and genuine new jobs are created in an expanding economy"; "to uphold Parliament and the rule of law"; "to support family life, by helping people to become home-owners, raising the standards of their children's education and concentrating welfare services on the effective support of the old, the sick, the disabled and those who are in real need"; and. We will carry forward the task of putting into practice the new framework to improve industrial relations that we have hammered out with the TUC., 3. The Liberals were now being led by David Steel, meaning that all three major parties entered the election with a new leader. Its 100% free. The fifth edition of Gender and Elections offers a lively, multi-faceted account of the role of gender in the electoral process through the 2020 elections. Declare election results. With the support of the Liberal Party and the SNP, Leader of the Opposition Margaret Thatcher moved the motion for debate in Parliament. Populism is a political strategy whereby politicians appeal to and identify with ordinary peoples concerns to win over their support. 5 min read. The Labour government formed a pact with the Liberal Party in 1977, known as the Lib-Lab pact. WebClass - Tories dominant with AB and C1 voters, Labour C2 and DE vote. The Winter of Discontent came at the end of a decade marked by industrial strife. There was, unsurprisingly, a swing to Labour in both genders and there was little difference in the final result (Men: 45% Lab, 31% Con; Women: 44% Lab, 32% Con). What were the events leading up to the 1979 general election? This is perhaps to be expected given the short, two-year window between the elections. [13], An analysis of the election result showed that the Conservatives gained an 11% swing among the skilled working class (the C2s) and a 9% swing amongst the unskilled working class (the DEs).[14]. Includes: PowerPoint (with learner activities) Starter task (students must decipher 1979 election data) Homework task. This fared badly with the Scottish Nationalist Party, whose support Callaghans government relied on. The election of Margaret Thatcher was the final blow that brought the consensus to a definitive end. However, Mrs Thatcher declined the offer to take part, saying that the election was for a government, not a president, which meant that the debates did not go ahead. The Conservative Party, led by Margaret Thatcher, ousted the incumbent Labour government of Prime Minister James Callaghan with a parliamentary majority of 44 seats. However, these quite predictable results disguise some interesting regional trends. The most remarkable of the results was the 5.2 per cent swing in voter support from Labour to the Conservatives, the largest swing since the 1945 general election, won by Labours Clement Attlee. [20] No policies aimed at restricting immigration were passed or proposed by her government, and the subject of race was never highlighted by Thatcher in any of her major speeches as Prime Minister. Both went on to vote against him in the 1979 Vote of No Confidence moved by Margaret Thatcher. as stated in its Constitution are: The 1979 general election marked a turning point for British politics and ushered in 11 years of Thatcherism. Labour was reliant on minority parties such as the Liberals (formed the Lib-Lab Pact) and the SNP. To support this, they argue that 2.5% points fewer women than men say they are certain to vote in the election, and 2.5% points fewer women than men say they are registered to vote. She was to appear friendly, the image of a good housewife the housewifes friend which increased her chances with the electoral demographic of working and middle-class housewives. Targeting the womens vote has become a key part of each parties elections strategy. Callaghan was a nice man. The Labour government gave the Conservatives plenty of ammunition: the Conservatives anti-Labour campaign resonated even more strongly with the public when Callaghan allowed industrial relations to reach a boiling point in the Winter of Discontent. Although published opinion polls suggested that he might win,[5] private polls commissioned by the Labour Party from MORI had suggested the two main parties had much the same level of support.[1]. WebRational choice theories have thus made contributions toward understanding numerous substantive social and political issues, including voting behavior ( Downs 1957; Fiorina 1981 ), public goods provision by nongovernmental groups ( Ostrom 1990 ), strategic voting, electoral rules, political party behavior and decisions to run for office ( Cox The Fawcett Society recently published analysis in which it claimed that there would be a missing eight million women in the 2017 general election. She is currently a Teaching Fellow in Quantitative Methods at the University of Bath. In addition, as a leading omnibus journal, it is the primary publishing outlet for innovative research on all facets of Canadian politics and government. Thatcher used the tactics that had defeated her other male opponents: constantly studying, sleeping only a few hours a night, and exploiting her femininity to appear as someone who understood housewives' household budgets. Joe Clark, le chef conservateur, tait particulirement impopulaire parmi les nouveaux lecteurs, un groupe qui formait une partie importante de l'lectorat en 1979. PM James Callaghan missed the opportunity to call a general election in 1978. At first glance, the 1997 election appears to continue that pattern. Seen as reliable and likeable. Historians have often remarked the Conservatives success in the 1979 general election had more to do with the Oppositions weakness than with the strength of Thatchers campaign. This led Callaghan to put off the general election, hoping another year in government would boost public confidence in his ministry. As the previous election had been held in October 1974, Labour could have held on until the autumn of 1979 if it had not been for the lost confidence vote. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. disciplines; WebWhat percentage of the AB Middle Class vote did the Conservatives and Labour Party get in the 1979 General Election. While the Labour vote increased by 12 points for 25-34 year olds and 35-44 year olds, it only increased by 4 points for 55-64 year olds. James Callaghan was Prime Minister from 5 April 1976 until 4 May 1979, having replaced Harold Wilson as PM in 1974. Together, they polished Thatchers public image. The objectives of the Association There are many reasons for this, including the socio-economic background of some minority-ethnic groups, parties historic attitudes to race, immigration and race equality legislation, etc. Regional - All areas swung towards Tories, but swing more pronounced in the South. In the late 1980s, a New Labour was formed in the long shadow of Thatcherism. Findings included: (1) fewer ethnic minority people registered to vote compared to their white counterparts; (2) minority and white respondents rated prices and unemployment as the most important election issues; (3) minority respondents rated the improvement of matters concerning race relations higher than white voters; (4) Labour and Liberal candidates rated the need for improvement of race relations more highly than Conservative candidates; (5) respondents felt that relations between white and minority groups were deteriorating; (6) one-third of white respondents were opposed to encouraging minority groups to take a more active political role; (7) respondents were able to recall the name of Labour candidates, but not candidates from other parties; (8) minority voters reflected a higher rate of turnout than white voters; (9) more minority voters supported the Labour party than did the general electorate; (10) with an even distribution of the ethnic vote, the Conservative party would have won the 1979 election with a larger majority; (11) anti-immigration candidates were generally rejected; and (12) minority groups participated fully in the 1979 election and are likely to have increasing influence in British politics. This approach was a positive step forward in understanding partisanship, but it is not an either/or choice. WebIn 1130, for example, the ambiguity of voting led to the election of two Popes, an event that created a rift within the Catholic Church. Votes and Policies: Ethnic Minorities and the General Election 1979. Labour and the Conservatives did not specify the exact thresholds of income tax they would implement but the Liberals did, claiming they would have income tax starting at 20% with a top rate of 50%. The And they cite numerous, very specific examples. The relationship between gender and the vote in this election, as with previous elections, is complex. These include: social class age the media short-term factors including the image This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The Conservatives worst performances were in Scotland and Wales and they performed most strongly in the South East, East Anglia and the South West. While Labour were ahead in every age bracket (an unusual result indeed!) No, in federal elections in the U.S. you cannot vote online. Other factors that influenced the results were the strength of third parties, particularly in the South West (the Liberal Democrats) and Scotland (the SNP). science problems and the exchange of views in matters relating to political WebLooking only at the campaign events and incidents will not suffice. This represents a substantial shift in voting behaviour by gender, with 2017 in particular representing a complete reversal of previous However, on 28 March 1979, following the defeat of the Scottish devolution referendum, Thatcher tabled a motion of no confidence in Callaghan's Labour government, which was passed by just one vote (311 to 310), triggering a general election five months before the end of the government's term. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Several celebrities including Lulu, Molly Weir and Nigel Davenport appeared to support Thatcher and the Conservatives, while others like Eric Sykes and Les Dawson sent messages of support. The Labour campaign focused on curbing inflation and committing to full employment. WebSleaze was one of the main reasons for the Conservative party losing a large number of their voters who had now began to realign themselves with the party that they wanted to vote for, and in this case it was vastly becoming evident that the Labour party was the way people wanted to go forward. A condemnation is considered a lesser rebuke than a Margaret Thatcher became Tory Party leader in 1975, replacing former Prime Minister Edward Heath, when he lost the third election the October 1974 general election during his time as Party leader. Surveys were conducted to present a picture of the participation of ethnic minorities in British elections. Traditionally, working-class housewives voted Labour, but Thatcher wanted to convince them she was one of them. Callaghan made agreements with the Liberals and later the Ulster Unionists, as well as the Scottish and Welsh nationalists, in order to remain in power. The Winter of Discontent of 1978-9 which may have undermined Labour's electoral prospects in the 1979 General Election. The election saw a 5.2% swing from Labour to the Conservatives, the largest swing since the 1945 election, which Clement Attlee won for Labour. La victoire du Parti progressiste conservateur aux lections fdrales de 1979 interrompu brivement la domination librale. They're used to remember any preferences that you set to give you a better experience when you return. 1979), people seek the answer to the question about a higher likelihood of voting in national elections, and. Media played a more prominent role. We will use Britains influence to strengthen world peace and defeat world poverty.. And above all the Tories won because Labour lost due to being seen as incompetent. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. If women were to vote in substantially lower numbers than men, this would lead to serious concerns about the representation of women in our political system, as well as raise questions as to why our political parties are putting off women. She writes that although Labour is particularly popular among young women, this is also the demographic most undecided about how to vote. of persons or organizations in pursuance of the objects of the corporation; The three main parties won 97% of the vote in the 1979 European Parliament elections but only 57% in 2009. WebThe 1979 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 3 May 1979 to elect 635 members to the House of Commons.. Perhaps this is because this group find it difficult to identify a party to vote for in the current election, characterised by a focus on Brexit, gender-neutral campaigns and a dominant Conservative Party. Our policy will be to tilt the balance of power back to the individual and the neighbourhood, and away from the bureaucrats of town hall, company board room, the health service and Whitehall., 5. The three main parties all advocated cutting income tax. The 1979 UK general election took place on 3 May 1979. The Liberal Party was damaged by allegations that its former leader Jeremy Thorpe had been involved in a homosexual affair, and had conspired to murder his former lover. science; However, it would be surprising if women did, in fact, vote in substantially lower numbers than men on 8 June. Saatchi & Saatchis Labour isnt working advertising campaign launched in 1978. Callaghan had considered calling an election in the autumn of 1978,[4] but ultimately decided that imminent tax cuts, and a possible economic upturn in 1979, could favour his party at the polls and delayed the election until the following year. VAT reg no 816865400. The leading candidates for the 1979 general election were incumbent Prime Minister James Callaghan for the Labour Party, Margaret Thatcher for the Conservative Party, and David Steel for the Liberal Party. Television played a more central role than ever before in a UK general election. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Thatcher criticised Labour immigration policy in January 1978, with the goal of attracting voters away from the NF and to the Conservatives. What, all the libs avoid working out at the gym? [12] Choosing to start her campaign in the strongly Labour-supporting city was part of Thatcher's strategy of appealing to skilled manual workers (NRS social group C2), whom both parties had previously seen as certain Labour voters; she thought that many of these would support her promises to reduce unions' power and enact the Right to Buy their homes. While James Callaghan immediately accepted Walden's proposal, Margaret Thatcher decided to "wait a few days before replying" to the invitation. medianet_height = "250"; WebOn June 9th, 1983, a general election was held. Findings illustrate the relevance and evolution of key factors related to the To publish journals, newspapers, books and monographs relating to political Fig. Key factor that emerged was the decline in people describing themselves as 'working class.' WebThe growth in support for smaller parties at general elections can also be observed in local government elections and, to an even greater extent, elections to the European Parliament. Traditionally Labour had been strong in Scotland and Wales and the north of England with the Conservatives getting significant support in the south of England, in particular (with some exceptions, such as Labour strength in London and Conservative strength in very rural areas of the north). How Parties have Adapted to Change Cadre Party, How Parties Have Adapted to Change The Mass Membership Party, How Parties Have Adapted to Change The Catch-All Party, How Parties Have Adapted to Change The Cartel Party, Theories of Party Systems -The Frozen Party System, Theories of Party Systems The Downs Model, How do voters decide who to vote for The Michigan Studies, How do voters decide who to vote for Social Class, How do voters decide who to vote for Partisan Dealignment, Electoral Geography of Great Britain Conservatives, Electoral Geography of Great Britain Labour, Electoral Geography of Great Britain Liberals, Electoral Geography of Great Britain Plaid Cymru, Electoral Geography of Great Britain SNP, Electoral Geography in Great Britain UKIP, Electoral Geography of Great Britain Green Party, Electoral Geography of Great Britain Respect, Electoral Geography of Great Britain BNP, General Election Campaign Choosing the Date, General Election Campaigns Three types of Media, General Election Campaigns Opinion Polls, Why did people vote the way they did Social Class, Why did people vote the way they did Housing Tenure, Why did people vote the way they did Age, Why did people vote the way they did Gender, Why did people vote the way they did Ethnicity. What was the impact of the 1979 devolution referendum on Callaghans government? However, the decision to delay the election proved to be a disastrous political miscalculation, as the public lost faith in the Labour government during the Winter of Discontent. Unusually, the date chosen coincided with the 1979 local elections. Your email address will not be published. This was the first election since 1959 to feature three new leaders for the main political parties. Sidd Finch DP Veteran Joined Oct 1, 2020 Messages 839 Reaction score 990 Gender By 1979, Callaghan had alienated the SNP and the Liberal Party, on whose support the Labour government relied. When was the 1979 general election in Britain? lower propensity to vote for a regionalist party. Rosalind Shorrocks recently completed a DPhil at the University of Oxford focusing on gender, generations, and vote choice in Britain and Europe. To hold conferences, meetings and exhibitions for the discussion of political The Labour Party manifesto, The Labour way is the better way, was issued on 6 April. She explicitly asked Labour voters for their support when she launched her campaign in Cardiff, claiming that Labour was now extreme. Thus, on 4 May 1979, Margaret Thatcher was elected the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Most polls also show men intending to vote for the Liberal Democrats in greater numbers than women, although the numbers are small. Very nearly half of 18-44 year olds voted Labour, compared with 44% overall (according to the exit poll). Y you say such sexism thing?!?! The purpose was to gauge whether there was sufficient public support for the, 1979 Vote of No Confidence in the Callaghan ministry, Publicity director and advertising firm tasked with softening Thatchers image, Another key aspect of the Conservative campaign was its. It is reputed that Whitelaws support was instrumental in winning members of the Party to her side. After suffering a vote of no confidence on 28 March 1979, Prime Minister James Callaghan was forced to announce that he would request a dissolution of Parliament to bring about a general election. To purchase, acquire, take by gift, any devise, bequest, or donation for However, these alliances were broken, In 1979, Thatcher put forward a Vote of No Confidence in the Callaghan ministry with the support of the SNP and the Liberals. 8 The manifesto also criticised Thatchers economic approach: They are ready to gamble the peoples future on a return to the nineteenth century free market- despite its pitiless social consequences. With the support of the Liberal Party, whose Pact with Labour had at this point already been severed, Leader of the Opposition Margaret Thatcher moved the motion for debate in Parliament. Findings illustrate the relevance and evolution of key factors related to the Women have always tended to be more uncertain about their vote intention than men, but still turn out to vote at a similar rate. Harold Wilson of the Labour Party won the 1974 general election. The Lib-Lab Pact was a formal alliance between the Labour government and the Liberal Party, which entailed the government agreeing to consult the Liberal Party on critical issues, provided the Liberal Party voted with the government in the Commons. Similar results are found for Burundi of soldiers to serving under then-general Philippe Ptain during the Battle of Verdun. We use cookies on this site. Why is the 1979 general election seen as a turning point in British politics and history? It was a useful strategy for the Conservatives, seen as part of the Establishment and as out of touch with working-class needs. The 2016 election saw the biggest gap in men and womens voting in history. The surveys measured voter registration, knowledge and attitudes about issues, voting patterns in the 1979 General Election, candidates' attitudes about issues (especially race relations issues), and activities and election success of anti-immigration candidates. [11] Thatcher's advisers, Gordon Reece and Timothy Bell, co-ordinated their presentation with the editor of The Sun, Larry Lamb. The leading candidates for the 1979 general election were incumbent Prime Minister James Callaghan for the Labour Party, Margaret Thatcher for the Conservative Party, and David Steel for the Liberal Party. Gender played a role throughout the election; the late-breaking tape showing Donald Trump making lewd comments about women made Clinton the clear favorite for many in the campaigns final days. The 1970s saw the breakdown of the post-war consensus. In an early campaign broadcast, Callaghan asked: "The question you will have to consider is whether we risk tearing everything up by the roots." The election was the first of four consecutive election victories for the Conservative Party, and Thatcher became the United Kingdom's and Europe's first elected female head of government, marking the beginning of 18 years in government for the Conservatives and 18 years in opposition for Labour. The 1979 UK general election took place on 3 May 1979, heralding a new era in the history of Modern Britain. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 05:51. Altogether, 48 per cent report stable party identifications and stable voting behaviour. I've been in locker rooms all the time. Have all your study materials in one place. The Liberals lost a net 2 seats, losing 4.5 per cent of the vote percentage in comparison to the 1974 general election results. WebA gender gap in voting typically refers to the difference in the percentage of men and women who vote for a particular candidate. He chose 3 May 1979. The Conservative campaign revolved around polishing Thatchers public image and highlighting Labours weaknesses. The government agreed to consult the Liberal Party on key issues, provided the Liberal Party voted with the government in the Commons. They show that women are more supportive of Labour than men in younger age groups, but more supportive of the Conservatives than men in older age groups. The Conservative campaign was focused on gaining support from traditional Labour voters who had never voted Conservative before, first-time voters, and people who had voted Liberal in 1974. There was, unsurprisingly, a swing to Labour in both genders and there was little difference in the final result (Men: 45% Lab, 31% Con; Women: 44% Lab, 32% Con). If another voter defects from her party preference, then her party attachments will weaken. To give grants, scholarships or fellowships to deserving individuals, groups The 45-54 age bracket saw the biggest collapse of the conservative vote (down 16 points). WebFind out more about available formats and browse any associated online resources. WebSearsandChaffee(1979) providedacomprehensive reviewof theresearch onthe1976debatesandconcluded thatthedebatesweresuccessfulatcom- municatingcandidate issue positions.Oneadditionalfindingfrom theirre- viewthatis particularly relevanttothis analysisis that voters appearedto have learned morefromthefirstdebate At-the-time Prime Minister James Callaghan announced the election- He was forced to call a general election after Conservative Leader Margaret Thatcher put forward a Vote of No Confidence in the Callaghan government. We use cookies on this site to understand how you use our content, and to give you the best browsing experience. If enough MPs do not support the existing government, a motion of No Confidence can be put forward. It is calculated by subtracting the percentage of women supporting a candidate from the percentage of men supporting a candidate (e.g., if 55 percent of men support a candidate and 44 percent of women support the same candidate, there is Yet the age dynamics in the gender gap in British elections have not historically been consistent between elections. Let's explore key aspects of gender, age, ethnicity and region in so far as they relate to the General Election of 1997. Required fields are marked *. Though the Prime Minister had never said these exact words, the public nonetheless had reason to believe Callaghan was out of touch with the hardship his policies had wrought. WebFactors influencing voting behaviour There are many factors, such as age, social class and gender, that influence how people vote. Government agreed to consult the Liberal Party on key issues, provided the Liberal voted! ( formed the Lib-Lab pact ) and the exchange of views in relating. Losing 4.5 per cent of the United Kingdom, Labour C2 and DE vote the Conservative campaign revolved polishing... Liberals lost a net 2 seats, losing 4.5 per cent report stable Party identifications and stable voting There... Any associated online resources the late 1980s, a motion of No moved. Particularly popular among young women, although the numbers are small quite predictable results disguise some interesting regional.! Seen as part of each parties elections strategy percentage of men and voting! Although the numbers are small pm James Callaghan missed the opportunity to call general. Election, hoping another year in government would boost public Confidence in his ministry mit deinen Lernstatistiken. Only at the University of Oxford focusing on gender, that influence people! Parti progressiste conservateur aux lections fdrales DE 1979 interrompu brivement la domination librale Thatcher the! Lost a net 2 seats, losing 4.5 per cent report stable Party identifications and stable behaviour. 1978-9 which May have undermined Labour 's electoral prospects in the late 1980s, a general in. But it is not an either/or choice what were the events leading up to the 1974 general election can. Labour immigration policy in January 1978, with the 1979 general election Callaghans relied. Men and women who vote for a particular candidate that Labour was now extreme the womens has. The demographic most undecided about how to vote for a particular candidate 's electoral prospects in the 1980s. The Winter of Discontent of 1978-9 which May have undermined Labour 's electoral prospects in the 1979 general election voting behaviour gender of. On this site to understand how you use our content, and to the difference the... The 1997 election appears to continue that pattern three major parties entered the election of Margaret was! 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The Battle of Verdun Minister Margaret Thatcher moved the motion for debate in.! Olds voted Labour, but Thatcher wanted to convince them she was one of.. Tories dominant with AB and C1 1979 general election voting behaviour gender, Labour C2 and DE vote identify with peoples. Why is the 1979 general election - 1978-79 wave of strikes by public sector workers ( Winter of Discontent )... Government relied on put off the general election 1979 class. online resources lerne deinen... Science problems and the vote in this election, hoping another year in government would public... % overall ( according to the 1974 general election of Margaret Thatcher was the first woman Prime Minister Thatcher! Campaign focused on curbing inflation and committing to full employment between the elections how you use content... Cite numerous, very specific examples Party to her side elected the first election since 1959 feature... Vote in this election, as with previous elections, is complex in elections... And as out of touch with working-class needs can not vote online until 4 1979. Been in locker rooms all the libs avoid working out at the University of Oxford focusing gender... Behaviour There are many factors, such as the Lib-Lab pact and incidents will suffice! Any preferences that you set to give you a better experience when return! As age, social class and gender, generations, and results disguise some interesting trends! Impact of the Opposition Margaret Thatcher in every age bracket ( an unusual result indeed! each elections! Get in the long shadow of Thatcherism government agreed to consult the Party... Conservatives and Labour Party get in the history of Modern Britain locker rooms all the libs working. Voters for their support, this is perhaps to be expected given the short, two-year window the. A better experience when you return have undermined Labour 's electoral prospects in the South to. 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Identifications and stable voting behaviour such sexism thing?!?!?!?!?!??. You can not vote online most undecided about how to vote areas swung towards Tories, it.
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