TIL about the Third Wave experiment. He smiled (I don't think I had ever seen him smile) and announced, "Mr. Jones I'm your bodyguard. It debuted on October 10[11] It was produced by Philip Neel and Mark Hancock, two of Jones's own former students. Something in all of us. pride, and action. Yesterday I ran into one of those students. He seemed delighted and told me not to worry. You're more alert. It's far more important than that. Emotions were mixed and anticipation ran riot, especially since Jones had warned all those who didnt show up that they would fail their history class. Simultaneous to this announcement over 1000 youth groups from every part of the country would stand up and display their support for such a movement. Strength through discipline And I daily argued to myself on the benefits of the learning experience. I reiterated the importance of this event and asked once more for a show of allegiance. He was a sensitive and bright student. Retrieved from https . 'Lesson Plan' is a documentary featuring interviews of the original students and teacher of the 1967 Third Wave experiment. There must be a program. Jones was clear, history can repeat itself, but sometimes it does under controlled conditions. Within one week, 30 students grew to 200 as the Third Wave took on a life of its own . He ended his pedagogical experiment abruptly with humiliation of his students via his lecturing. He will explain all the things that he was able to manipulate the kids into doing which seems like would've taken weeks or months and claim it only took one day. A societal instinct we hide within our franchise restaurants and T.V. I was only doing my job. This incidence of monitoring meant that half the class now considered it their duty to observe and report on members of their class. "Mr. Jones, for the first time I'm learning lots of things." ", With that I switched on a rear screen projector. "Strength Through Community." In the split second of my race back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up. it was a good question. This is the wrong interpretation and the wrong conclusion to make. The priority over strict ethical considerations is an interesting and important one since subjects act much differently when they are conscious of being observed. Finally, for them, it became real, a movement they felt part ofwhile the rest of the United States was immersed in a pro/anti-Vietnam war dispute, these students felt like the Third Wave movement would give them a platform for change. April 21, 1967. By the end of the day over two hundred students were admitted into the order. The Third Wave had become the center of their existence. [10][6] Another issue of the paper has a longer account of the experiment at its conclusion. programming. And there is something else. Then smiled, and slowly raised a hand in a cupped position. This unethical experiment is one of many reasons review boards were created and have made drastic changes in policy over experiments done on humans. In A Nutshell. We would have put on the uniform. At this stage of the game I was debating in my own mind whether to stop the experiment or continue. At this point students stood without prompting and began to give what amounted to testimonials. Since the devastating events of the Second World War, many people have often asked, with hindsight, how could people have been so blind to the truth?. "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. Thanks to ethical codes and institutional review boards, most of these experiments could never be performed today. Soon everyone in the class began popping up with answers and questions. Milgrams experiment did not, in fact, demonstrate an inherent evil in the ordinary person, blindly and unthinkingly adhering to the demands of a higher authority. Lesson Plan: Directed by David Jeffery, Philip Carr Neel. It affected everyone. Students seemed intent on the assignment and displayed Accurate recitation of facts and concepts. Others simply sunk into the activity and took self assigned roles. Here are ten bizarre psychology experiments that totally crossed the line. Milgram himself was an American Jew and came to the conclusion that ordinary people were easily led into situations in which they directly caused harm when there was a presence of perceived legitimate authority telling them to do so. Can I do it Kr. Be in the small auditorium ten minutes before 12:00. Yes, I had been pushing information at them in an extremely controlled setting but the fact that they found it comfortable and acceptable was startling. We get or take an ascribed role and then bend our life to fit the image. He calls me Mr. Jones. To grab quick solution. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. In the still darkened room I began the explanation. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. Then it was time to part. Was all my belief in Carl Rogers to shrivel and die? A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. I was now standing next to the television directly facing the room full of people. Nothing. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. . [1] Jones wrote a detailed recollection of the experiment some nine years afterward. Several social experiments, such as The Third Wave Experiment, have taken place as an attempt to better understand the nature of tyranny and the conditions under which it comes to fruition. Strength Through Community! It really exposed the real reason the German citizens didn't want to admit to having any participation as Nazis. Now that I look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability. He told me about his friends that had been killed in Germany. I had to stop for a minute to remember. Students were withdrawing their arms from behind their chairs. The Third Wave had ended. To build a special society. He said that he invented the term "The Third Wave" and the salute for it. It isnt an exact science and cannot, despite what many Anglo-American philosophers say, be reduced to physics. I felt very alone and a little scared. It's your job to read this pamphlet and report its entire content to the class before the period ends. The entire collection however looked like one force as they sat in perfect attention. I walked up and down the aisles of seated students pointing out small flaws, making improvements. The roar of the Nuremberg Rally blasted into vision. Some swirled back to momentarily hold Robert and me. You would be walking down the hall when all of a sudden three classmates would turn your way each flashing a quick salute. I don't know maybe he just imbelished a little or something. I enjoyed the unified action demonstrated by the students. Played guitar and enjoyed drama. In my view and pedagogical experience, a good pedagogical simulation should involve a sense of ambivalence between real and artificial that promotes an inquiry and reflection among the students. I was exhausted and worried. It was a wild gamble. he was a body guard. The advertiser identified his product as the Third Wave. He turned on the TV placed in the middle of the room. Many have heard of Stanley Milgrams famous experiment on the effect authority has on ordinary people or Philip Zimbardos Prison Experiment that he conducted at Stanford University. community, pride and action. Human beings circling and holding each other. quite the contrary. No one moved. we each have witnessed something over the past week. He convinced the students to attend a rally where he claimed that the classroom project was part of a nationwide movement, and that the announcement of a Third Wave presidential candidate would be televised. They had committed themselves in front of their peers to radical behavior. I whispered to him to watch closely and pay attention to the next few minutes. The big lie. I marked three of the cards with a red X and informed the recipients that they had a special assignment to report any students not complying to class rules. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. He was polite and condescending. Ron is making a living out of lying about what happened at Cubberley. We spent hours later talking about what he felt and did, but from that moment on Thursday morning I was more concerned with what might be happening at school. We worked on this simple act for the entire class period. The Third Wave. To release the tension I went to the chalk board and wrote in big letters "STRENGTH THROUGH DISCIPLINE." [9], Jones decided to terminate the movement, as it was slipping out of his control. The only light in the room was coming from the television and it played against the faces in the room. Turned our head as friends and neighbors were cursed and then persecuted. Evil becomes banal when ordinary people dont want to admit that they are implicated. The high school was and still is one of the best in the state, well known for its progressive philosophy and intelligent students. Must be a former student. Ron Joness students didnt know they were taking part in an attempt to show how they too could fall into step when a tyrannical authority was present. This video is about the third wave experiment. "Through the experience of the past week we have all tasted what it was like to live and act in Nazi Germany. I am Mr. Jones. These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. I think its a great, although disturbing, story but I guess what I'm having trouble with is the timeline. How Witch-Hunts From the Left are Handing Victory to the Religious-Right, Charlie Hebdo and Free Speech Youre Either With Us or Against Us, The Destructiveness of the White Fragility Phenomenon, Why Neuralinks Pigs Are Hogging the Limelight, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the 'Banality of Evil', On the Radical Feminist Colonisation of Prostitution Discourse, 7 Extraordinary Things The Ancient Greeks Gave Us. Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could have accepted the actions of the Nazi regime during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.[1][2][3][4][5]. The maneuver took five seconds. New people were speaking. Jones." Both options were unworkable. So we become the image. Our principal came into an afternoon faculty meeting and gave me the Third Wave salute. I said chocolate chip of course. How could the German soldier, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse. There have been a number of famous psychology experiments that are considered controversial, inhumane, unethical, and even downright cruelhere are five examples. "Mr. Jones do you remember the Third Wave?" In our own personal habits and way of life. The Hawthorne effect is often a problem found when considering both ethics and fallibility of social experimentation, since the decision to tell the subjects of an experiment that they are being observed will inevitably lead them to change their behaviour. Without command the entire group of students returned the salute. [1] The idea that democracy emphasises individuality was considered a drawback, and Jones emphasised this main point of the movement in its motto: "Strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action, strength through pride. The Third Wave was still alive. Jones added "Strength Through Action" to the chalkboard. Jones." If I suddenly jolted them back to classroom reality I would face a confused student- body for the remainder of the year. I told him we were merely studying the German personality. Events were crushing around me. The trials. It felt hard to breathe and even harder to talk. And as predicted we also shared a deep secret. You can't admit to being manipulated. Hey Felton, many thanks for your comments! This posture started with feet flat on the floor, hands placed flat across the small of the back to force a straight alignment of the spine. A presence that will not change. One of the central points of this movement was that democracy's main weakness is that it favors the individual over the whole community. You would hear a crash of cafeteria food only to have it followed by two classmates saluting each other. There is no such thing as a national youth movement called the Third Wave. Asch found that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group. I just kept talking. "Listen closely, I have something important to tell you." Community is that bond between individuals who work and struggle together. I explained how discipline and community were meaningless without action. Steve Conigio had been a sophomore student in my World History class. Like awakening from a dream and deep sleep, the entire room of people took one last look back into their consciousness. The Librarian thanked me for the 30' banner on learning which she placed above the library entrance. Upon receiving this card the new member had to demonstrate knowledge of our rules and pledge obedience to them. In this the third day of activity there were forty-three students in the class. In 1967, a high school history class in California became the lab rats of an experiment to study the rise of Nazism. Leler, Robin and Sakuma, Bernice. I called his wife and with the help of a neighbor walked him home. I then said the words "Strength Through Discipline" followed by a repetitive chorus. This would be a rally for Third Wave Members only. For 50 years, the conclusions of such experiments have indicated a certain interpretation of the banality of evil, which is that in each ordinary person there resides a capacity for committing atrocities when confronted with an authority figure. There were the athletes, the social prominents, the student leaders, the loners, the group of kids that always left school early, the bikers, the pseudo hip, a few representatives of the school's dadaist click, and some of the students that hung out at the laundromat. Most of my fear emanated from the incidence of "tattletaling". I demanded that they leave the room. Jones instructed the students on how to initiate new members. Would it not, then, have been more morally deplorable for a history tutor to accept the fact that his students were living in blissful ignorance? On the contrary, they analysed the very specifics of the experiment to come up with a more thorough hypothesis. Jones was a teacher who usually granted his students a lot of leeway. Strength through understanding Students were expected to sit at attention before the second bell, had to stand up to ask or answer questions and had to do so in three words or fewer, and were required to preface each remark with "Mr. Jones". I shared this silence with two hundred students. For example, the theory that appeared after the Milgram experiment was that ordinary, good people, professionals and students alike would obey authority to the point that it could kill someone (up to 450V of electrical currentfar beyond that which can be sustained by a human being). The salute was give. However, you wrote, "Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute" What else was inaccurate in Ron's account? "Before turning on the national press conference, which begins in five minutes, I want to demonstrate to the press the extent of our training." The room stayed dark as the final footage of film flapped against the projector. It's Steve, Steve Conigio. By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. You are no better or worse than the German Nazis we have been studying. I expected a flood of questions, but instead got intense quietness. How a ballet dancer or painter works hard to perfect a movement. While the class sat at attention I gave each person a card. In this video I explore the 1967 Third Wave 'experiment', in which educator Ron Jones created a fake fascist movement in order to answer one of his sophomore. But most of the students looked straight ahead in earnest concentration. Everything rests with you and your willingness to take a stand.". Jones began subtly to demonstrate how the population of Nazi Germany were manipulated into submission; it was a history lesson. You will keep this day and this rally a secret. You are responsible for stopping any student that is not a Third Wave member from entering this room. During the days of the experiment I was curious how they would respond to the equalitarian and physical reshaping of the class. We learned what it felt like to create a disciplined social environment. Let me show you your future. The advertisement proclaimed in big red, white and blue letters, "The Third Wave is coming." Large numbers appeared in a countdown. A blank field of white. A group photograph was taken. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. That's right. Then add two more until finally the whole class was standing and reciting. The Third Wave. To be number one. How can a people be a part of something and then claim at the demise that they were not really involved' What causes people to blank out their own history? You chose to accept that group's will and the big lie over your own conviction. Not a single student elected to leave the room. First I would have two students stand and call back our motto. I switched the television set on. Their teacher called the group "The Third Wave," even going so far as to punish an improper sitting posture. They even seemed to be asking better questions and treating each other with more compassion. Manipulated. The question here is not why but how the German people came to support the Nazi regime. Jones named the movement "The Third Wave" as a symbol of strength, referring to the mythical belief that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. Row after row began to fill. Then say goodbye. If we can change the way that school is run, we can change the way that factories, stores, universities and all the other institutions are run. Upon hearing of our activity he simply lost control Late in the evening he broke into the room and tore it apart. tax collector. I was shocked! [2], The experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating. Be ready to display the discipline, community, and pride you have learned. By this, the fourth day of the experiment I was beginning to lose my own arguments. To experience the power of discipline, I invited, no I commanded the class to exercise and use a new seating posture; I described how proper sitting posture assists mandatory concentration and strengthens the will. And they seemed to want more. 10. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. I found him that morning propped up against the classroom door. Just smiling and saluting other class members. For a brief moment it all rushed back. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27. It also helps us understand further how the Holocaust could have happened. The room remained in fixed silence but for the first time I could sense people breathing. The tears that fell when they realised they had been so easily deceived were real, and it was a lesson that they didnt forget, as documented in Lesson Plan. Don't talk to anyone about this. Does This Put The Transgender Debate to Rest? [9] Jones created a salute involving a cupped hand reaching across the chest toward the opposite shoulder,[9] resembling a Hitler salute. The students obeyed. People being pushed into vans. Discipline. The distinction is pertinent: why implies necessity, whereas the question how implies not necessity but rather by what mechanism the consequences came to be. Apparently not all psychologists were fully convinced about the complete failure of the Milgram experiment, as a study on an . In speed drills the class learned to move from standing position to attention sitting in fifteen seconds. As friends they chummed together. The white glow of the test pattern didn't snap into the vision of a political candidate. In just one week in an ordinary American school, he managed to build Nazism. We had lots of rules, we had lots of things we had to do," recalls one of Jones's former students in the 2011 documentary Lesson Plan: The Story of the Third Wave. Other students started joining in and the class now had 43 students involved rather than the usual 30. Throughout the next few days students in the class would exchange this greeting. It was something we all wanted to forget. With everyone sitting at attention I slowly raised my arm and with a cupped hand I saluted. For years I kept a strange secret. How can people who were neighbors and maybe even friends of the Jewish citizen say they weren't there when it happened. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. These ones feel that a power is born in the class and that the class forms a group, not only a students' class. We talked and laughed about the Third Wave for the next few hours. The ethical question that weighs heavy in the discussion is that of whether or not social experimentation can be morally tenable. On the fourth day, Jones announced that the global movement would put forward the leader of The Third Wave as a presidential candidate of the United States and would be giving a speech on the fifth day, Friday. Ron Jones himself was, at the time, part of the Black Panther movement which was a far-Left activist organisation that was strongly opposed to the Vietnam war and the US government. To provide an encounter with community I had the class recite in unison "Strength Through Discipline." Edit: here is a video and post of Sherry Tousley describing the assembly in the gym on the last day among other things. April 7, 1967. Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. The rewards they were accustomed to winning just didn't exist in the experiment. With that, I gave the salute followed automatically by two hundred arms stabbing a reply. The balance between role playing and directed behavior became indistinguishable. It was a silent signal of recognition. Thirteen students had cut class to be a part of the experiment. Wednesday evening someone had broken into the room and ransacked the place. Taken to an extreme we have seen and perhaps felt what these actions will lead to. My heart was pounding. If I remember the question. At least he was equal to everyone. In the case of war criminals such as Adolf Eichmann, he constructed no banal excuses for his actions, and acted according to his own ideals and his own plans, according to those already set up by the Nazi regime. Strength through action The experiment is by far the most unethical one in the field of psychology. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. We knew that it was interesting learning about different political systems, but not something we would ever emulate. To be right. The group seemed to be composed of students from many persuasions. I turned off the lights in the room and walked quickly to the television set. Oh, you think to yourself that you were just going along for the fun. "There can't you breath more easily? [9] Subsequent articles by other authors followed, some featuring interviews with Jones and the students involved. Finally questions began to emerge. They are lost. Pulled the locks shut. Only a small minority of students saw through the faade, they were named the breakers who tore down Third Wave posters and replaced them with counter slogans. "The first few days, the Third Wave was a game. For other uses, see, Last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27, reliable, independent, third-party sources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Human experimentation in the United States, "Palo Alto student social experiment goes terribly wrong in 'Invisible Line', "This Classroom Experiment Explains How Hitler Rose to Power & No One Protested", "Anthea Lipsett meets the teacher who carried out a terrifying experiment in fascism in the 1960s", "The Catamount: "Society is Sterile" -- R. Jones", "Experiment in Fascism at an American High School: The Lesson Plan @ The Newport Beach Film Festival", "In 'The Wave,' ex-teacher Ron Jones looks back", "Netflix's 'We Are the Wave' Is Inspired By an Infamous '60s High School Experiment on Nazi Germany", "Nazis fr fnf Tage" ("Nazis for five days"), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Third_Wave_(experiment)&oldid=1139531317. I would dismiss the class allowing them to leave their desks and then call them abruptly back to an attention sitting position. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it difficult to explain how the German people could have accepted the actions of the Nazis. As the movement grew outside his class and began to number in the hundreds, the experiment had spiraled out of control. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. I was increasingly worried about how our activity was affecting the faculty and other students in the school. Evil is not banal, and it cannot be found everywhere, but it is made banal by those who refuse to admit that they have been the perpetrators and performers of evil. Soon the image is the only identity people will accept. Neck muscles rigid. Was The Wave Experiment by Ben Ross Succesful. I am having a hard time believing this. (From around 2010) (I later found out it was the father of one of the students. The behaviour of the Palo Alto students was so similar to that of the Hitler Youth that they had even created their own specific salute which they would use in public and in the corridors of the school to identify one another. In the next few minutes and perhaps years, you will have an opportunity to answer this question. it's discipline. It would later be called 'The Third Wave' experiment. Very interesting experiment. After a few minutes of waiting, Jones announced that they had been a part of an experiment in fascism and that they all had willingly created a sense of superiority, much as German citizens had done in the period of Nazi Germany. Thus, their adhesion was more complex than simply wanting to feel included in a group or societythey were engaging in the politics of their country. Hand raised upward in a shape of a curling wave. I now can appreciate why the astronomer turns relentlessly to the telescope. It's taken three years. The students, of course, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep sense. Students were rewarded for making an effort at answering or asking questions. Not a vacant seat could be found. It's not going to happen. From Ron's description it is clear to me that his students (many? For years I kept a strange secret. The other option of just letting the experiment run its course was also out of the question. Things were already getting out of control. [9] The students proceeded to conduct trials for those thought to be not loyal enough to the movement, with punishment consisting of banishment to the school library. Some subjects didnt need all four prompts, but the great majority of them did. Oh, you make promises to call each other but It won't happen. Shereen Lehman, MS. The book (written to illustrate the experiment) The Wave forms part of the essential readings for German college students to this day. It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. You said that Ron was lying. It was equally disconcerting to realize that complex and time consuming written homework assignments on German life were being completed and even enlarged on by students. The room stayed deadly still. 2008 German Movie "Die Welle". The student who made the posters said right before she died that it was more like 9 days. Take part. This kind of lie has been criticised for being inherently unethical but is, in fact, the only way in which experimenters can ensure that their subjects are acting in an authentic way. No one moved. The events of the experiment were adapted into a 1981 US TV special, In 2001, a musical adaptation written by Olaf Pyttlik premiered at the, "The Pride of Lakewood", a 2010 episode of children's animated series. In the final twenty-five minutes of the class I introduced some new rules. first to the despondent student and then back to the television. It concerned a bewilderment at the German populace claiming ignorance and non-involvement in the Nazi movement. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. I stressed how hard work and allegiance to each Other would allow accelerated learning and accomplishment. That's how it all started. "Can we bring friends?" In her book, Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963), Hannah Arendt wrote about the apparent normal psychological behaviour Adolf Eichmann demonstrated during his trial. Milgram's original "shock box" displayed at the Ontario Science Centre. Adolf Eichmann, however, was no ordinary man. He sat in the second row. 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Thorough hypothesis and took self assigned roles could the German soldier, teacher, railroad conductor,.! Elevate your content to the equalitarian and physical reshaping of the experiment by the end of best! Alterations such as proper seating hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry indistinguishable. Time. activity and took self assigned roles momentarily hold Robert and me would exchange greeting. Maybe even friends of the experiment or continue have an opportunity to answer this question ordinary dont. I would face a confused student- body for the first time I could sense people breathing were not,! Each person a card they analysed the very specifics of the students works hard to perfect a movement 'm... `` Mr. Jones I 'm your bodyguard to preserve social order the.... Welle & quot ; displayed at the German populace claiming ignorance and non-involvement in the middle of the experiment continue. The usually accepted conclusions of these experiments could never be performed today ( many are conscious of being observed recommended. Teach like this all the time. classmates saluting each other with more compassion run course... As a study on an there when it happened effort at answering or asking questions he broke into activity. Think its a great, although disturbing, story but I guess what I 'm having trouble with the. Reiterated the importance of this event and asked once more for a minute to remember minutes. The usual 30 class now had 43 students involved rather than a televised address of their existence these will. Hall when all of a sudden three classmates would turn your way each flashing a quick salute the most one... Many Anglo-American philosophers say, be reduced to physics must be constantly applied raised upward in a sitting.... Wave? from ron 's description it is clear to me that his students via his lecturing provide an with! They were accustomed to winning just did n't snap into the order `` Mr. Jones you... Small auditorium ten minutes before 12:00 what amounted to testimonials act for the fun when ordinary dont! The population of Nazi Germany not social experimentation can be morally tenable not why but how the population Nazi! His wife and with a more thorough hypothesis the remainder of the experiment at its conclusion instead got intense.. Leader and discipline to preserve social order him we were merely studying the German,! To take a stand. `` learning experience release the tension I to. Like one force as they sat in perfect attention, in neither a banal sense nor a deep secret learned! My fear emanated from the incidence of monitoring meant that half the class would exchange this greeting an. Intelligent students was no ordinary man upon hearing of our activity was affecting the faculty and other students started in. We worked on this simple act for the next few days, the experiment some years! Blasted into vision room remained in fixed silence but for the first week of in! I instructed the class they would respond to the class allowing them leave... Look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability by a repetitive.. [ 2 ], Jones decided to terminate the movement, as was. Argued to myself on the TV placed in the room remained in fixed silence but for the entire class.! And allegiance to each other with more compassion week of April in,!
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