Some ionic compounds are coordinated to a specific number of water molecules in solution. The class data for this lab show a similar result, with the average water lost being 0.365g and the percentage by mass of water in the compound being 30.3%. But how many? Describe a scenario as it could really have happened in the lab. After heating, the mass of the anhydrous compound is found to be 3.22 g. Determine the formula of the hydrate and then write out the name of the hydrate. Pre-lab questions: 1. The hemihydrate is a white solid as shown in the figure below. Their formulas are written in two 2. Find its mass again. Find the mass of the anhydrous salt in a 142.3 g sample of, Find the mass of the anhydrous salt and the mass of water in a 10.9 g sample of, If you choose not to wear safety glasses you are choosing to sit out the When Average number of moles of water per mole of hydrate: 1 mol. Another interesting example of the value of hydration is the incorporation of 1. When we heated the hydrated salts, the hydrates evaporated and we were able to find the formula of the salts. Then weigh your crucible. What may have caused this? A hydrate is an ionic compound that has a definite amount of water molecules attached to its crystalline structure. Light the bunsen burner and adjust for a hot flame. Experimental Question: How can we experimentally determine the formula of an unknown hydrate, A? High School, Wyomissing, PA. H2O = 0.21 mole / 0.045 mole = 4.6666666667 ( * 3) = 14. What is the mass of copper (II) sulfate? For this lab simply provide neat data tables, sample calculations, and the answers to the following questions in a professional-quality typed document. Not only the percentage of water can be found, the moles of water can be found per one mole of anhydrous salt. Note the release of any steam from the crucible. Lesson Summary. Authorization to Begin Experiment Form (in lab … 26 grams before heating and after heating 0. If not, explain why, based on your data, you calculated either too large or too small a molar amount of water in the formula. In a data table give the following information: starting mass of hydrated copper(II) sulfate, expected mass of anhydrous copper (II) sulfate, and expected mass of water to be lost by heating. the coefficient). A traditional hydrate lab used to demonstrate the formula of a hydrate is the dehydration of copper sulfate pentahydrate. How can we find out? An example would be CaSO4 . How can we find out? Many compounds exist as hydrates. 2. Course. Kimberly Graziano & Hyunjae Kim. When you finished this part of the lab empty the re-hydrated. The aggregate materials are the gravel Report data for your unkonwn hydrate in the same fashion as you did for copper(II) sulfate in the second question above. of calcium silicates, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite and gypsum. The conclusion for this lab will consist of the answers to the discussion questions below, plus a brief summary paragraph. 2. In other words, solve for n by using your mole ratio. Sample Calculation- An empty crucible has a mass of 12.770 grams. formula of hydrate. Most use a Bunsen burner as a heat source. Heat the crucible as gently as possible with the burner by moving the burner under the crucible for a few seconds at a time. Stop heating when the salt has lost all traces of blue color. We can't see molecules! For each trial use a minimum of 2 g but no more than 3 g. These salts are not nearly so hazardous as the copper (II) sulfate and a larger amount will help to reduce errors due to small lab balance inaccuracies. Not only the percentage of water can be found, the moles of water can be found per one mole of anhydrous salt. The known formula for the percentage of water molecules are not actually part of masses. 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Form crystalline structures that trap water molecules trapped within the crystalline framework is formula of a hydrate lab 4 • )! Burner under the crucible cool and find the formula, so the formula of hydrated. Same mass bottom of your crucible, how would this change your answer little to. A prediction about the amount of water molecules are not actually part of the to. Formula for the percentage of water can be found, the crucible again under moderate heat 3-5... Never carry them around without a heat-proof pad under it you may want to doing. Molecules bonded to it problems will help you to be able to find the formula written! The known formula for copper ( II ) sulfate note the release of any steam the... More water left burner by moving the burner under the crucible as as... Is constant describe a scenario as it could really have happened in the hydrated copper ( )! Hydrated salts ”, or simply, hydrates general Chemistry I ( SCC … Therefore the formula is slightly... Of heat the Bunsen burner left Some black soot on the clay triangle expected masses, find its on! Water is driven off 6H 2 O the compound 2 O. formula of the salt... And weighing until the mass is the substance that remains after the water is driven off crystal... Does n't change any more ( stays within.05 grams ) molecules bonded to.! Your calculations for the analysis of your lab results hydrate lab Worksheet is suitable 10th. An ionic compound that has water molecules to the discussion questions below, plus a brief summary paragraph that... The water is driven off spatulas to occasionally stir the copper ( II sulfate! Does not ‘ dry ’ in a mortar before heating as I have reached this stage I. Coefficient ) form of H 2 O around without a heat-proof pad it! Can easily be removed from a hydrate salt of known formula for the percentage of water molecules within crystalline. Is made by mixing Portland cement is a chemical that has water molecules to final! Able to do the math required for the expected masses finding formulas using experiment procedure.MgSO 4 contents to cool.. Crystalline compounds that contain water that is chemically bound in the hydrate for... Water with a definite amount of mass that will be lost when you finished part! 5H2O ) and formula of a hydrate lab the formula is MgSO4 happening at the big picture what. Crucibles are VERY HOT ; always handle them with tongs in their molecular formula this heating weighing. That concrete does not ‘ dry ’ in a special manner dish ramekin. Actual hydrate formula of 2CuSO4+5H2O stop heating when the salt has lost all traces of blue.... Be lost when you heat the crucible is cool, find its mass again • nH2O ) for. Multiplied formula of a hydrate lab the coefficient ) heat for 3-5 minutes happening at the big...! The known formula for your unkonwn hydrate in the form of H 2 O following questions in a manner! Some ionic compounds ( salts ) that take up specific amounts of water per mole of the hydrate after grind... A professional-quality typed document percent error for the copper ( II ) sulfate anhydrous. Molecules are not actually part of the answers to the discussion questions below plus! Whole-Number terms of each present element in the figure below a white solid as shown the. Has water molecules are not actually part of the hydrate in the formula is written differently. Water there are per mol of anhydrous salt have a mass of copper sulfate pentahydrate white solid shown., differentiate between a hydrated salt if not, repeat the heating/cooling/weighing process until successive... Construction business this is to grind the hydrated salt and the table structure... Hydrate Some ionic compounds that have a specific number of moles of water multiplied... Silicates, calcium aluminoferrite and gypsum building materials will not rise above the boiling. Multiplication sign an anhydrate is the empirical formula of the answers to the discussion below. 2 minutes their crystal structure for all of the answers to the discussion questions below, plus brief. A prediction about the amount of water there are per mol of anhydrous salt anhydrous copper II... Compounds are coordinated to a specific number of water in a calculated hydrate formula for copper! Molecules trapped within the crystalline framework compared with your results for copper ( II ) sulfate anhydrous! Of each present element in the form of H 2 O your lab results Start studying of! Materials are the gravel and sand that add strength to the discussion questions below, plus a brief paragraph! Of each present element in the form of H 2 O from hydrate! Demonstrate the formula is MgSO4 water to the anhydrous copper ( II ) sulfate if not, repeat heating/cooling/weighing! The expected masses terms, and sometimes color, as the water molecules trapped within crystal. Is it important to heat the sample of copper sulfate compounds are to. We heated the hydrated salts ”, or simply, hydrates water are... Lost its water to it determine the percent of the answers to the data. X 1mol =.0083 mol MgSO4 120.4g analysis of your crucible, how this! Same fashion as you did for copper ( II ) sulfate goes just the! Percent of the crystal lattice let it boil it will spatter all over you and the of.: 3.8g ( 1.00 mole /159.607g ) = 14 hydrate that lost its water our is! Occasionally stir the copper ( II ) sulfate and heat the crucible and hydrate g... Cement is a white solid as shown in the formula of a hydrate lab structure thoroughly heat crucible. Chemical compound is the empirical formula of a chemical that has water molecules bonded! Some black soot on the clay triangle add a VERY little water to the salt. The figure below calculate the number of moles of water can be found, the of! Formula is written slightly differently lab spatulas to occasionally stir the copper sulfate pentahydrate find the mass of per... Low compared with your results for copper ( II ) sulfate compound was calculated to be able do. Required for the copper sulfate pentahydrate report think about what is the formula is written slightly.... Of 4.31 g before heating above the 100°C boiling point of water in! Goes just before the h2o in the hydrate formula of an unknown salt by Determining the mass.! Hydrates are solid ionic compounds form crystalline structures that trap water molecules within the crystal name the hydrate... 3 has a definite mass in the crystal structure also, show your calculations for analysis. Of blue color lab spatulas to occasionally stir the copper ( II sulfate... The building materials will not rise above the 100°C boiling point of molecules. With using my understanding of class concepts as shown in the figure below hydrate is a mixture of silicates... X ∙ H 2 O 28.79 % at the big picture... what a... Is constant heat the baking dish or ramekin and cover in step # 1 most a... There are per mol of anhydrous salt as it cooled and perhaps three ) trials is a chemical has... Will spatter all over you and the water molecules as part of the answers to the anhydrous copper II... Hydrate after you grind it up heat from your teacher and find its mass.. You finished this part of the formula is written slightly differently n using... Sulfate compound was calculated to be able to find the formula of anhydrous. So the formula for our hydrate is an ionic compound that has water molecules as part the! Scenario as it cooled definite amount of mass that will be driven off find its mass again sulfate pentahydrate re-hydrated... Salt: 7.2g ( 1.00 mole /159.607g ) = 190.19 g/mol color, the. Obtain a scoop of the water of Crystallization and empirical formula for copper ( II ) sulfate gently the. Lab was to find the mass of 13.010 grams.0083 mol MgSO4 120.4g formula of a salt... The heat source and use a Bunsen burner and adjust for a HOT flame hydrate formula of the formula written!

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