[226] In addition to Harvard and MIT, several other Massachusetts universities currently rank in the top 50 at the undergraduate level nationally in the widely cited rankings of U.S. News and World Report: Tufts University (#27), Boston College (#32), Brandeis University (#34), Boston University (#37) and Northeastern University (#40). The earliest animal symbol to be adopted was the Morgan horse in 1970, while the most recent as of 2014 was the garter snake, adopted in 2008. Additionally, Massachusetts provided Reagan with his smallest margins of victory in both the 1980[319] and 1984 elections. For the indigenous people, see, Map of the United States with Massachusetts highlighted. Additionally, rising temperatures will increase the number of reported Lyme disease cases in the state. ", "John Fraylor. Several regional and short line railroads also provide service and connect with other railroads. [170], As a part of the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources’ effort to incentivize the usage of renewable energy, the MOR-EV, or Massachusetts Offers Rebates for Electric Vehicles initiative was created. [398] The Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences has two of its three campuses in Boston and Worcester.[399]. Il simbolo è il Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), una delle più importanti università di ricerca a livello internazionale, capace di classificarsi in 1ª posizione fra le migliori università del mondo sia nel 2012/2013 che nel 2015/2016 grazie all’altissima qualità dell’insegnamento offerto nelle materie scientifiche[7]. [159][160][161] The Northeast is projected to warm faster than global average temperatures; by 2035, the Northeast is "projected to be more than 3.6°F (2°C) warmer on average than during the preindustrial era". The capital of Massachusetts is Boston, which is also the most populous city in New England. The explosions killed three people and injured an estimated 264 others. Divenuto Stato nel 1776, il Massachusetts fu roccaforte degli indipendentisti; ratificò l'Unione il 6 febbraio 1788 e divenne il sesto Stato federato. [120], Although significant opposition to abolitionism existed early on in Massachusetts, resulting in anti-abolitionist riots between 1835 and 1837,[121] opposition to slavery gradually increased throughout the next few decades. In english it means " By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty ". [165], Mass Save also conducts no-cost in-home energy assessments so that homeowners, renters, and small business owners may educate themselves about energy efficiency-related home improvements and find opportunities to save money and energy. Il Massachusetts ha contribuito al servizio nazionale di molti politici di primo piano, compresi i membri della famiglia Adams e della famiglia Kennedy. [164], The concept of Mass Save was created in 2008 by the passing of the Green Communities Act of 2008 during Deval Patrick’s tenure as governor. To the left, on a mountainside, is a quartz mill with a miner with a pick and shovel. The shifting climate in Massachusetts will result in a significant change to the built environment and ecosystems. [133][failed verification] Often controversial, with numerous claims of graft and mismanagement, and with its initial price tag of $2.5 billion increasing to a final tally of over $15 billion, the Big Dig nonetheless changed the face of Downtown Boston. Dzhokhar later said he was motivated by extremist Islamic beliefs and learned to build explosive devices from Inspire, the online magazine of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. [283] Service between the two islands is also offered. Plimoth Plantation and Old Sturbridge Village are two open-air or "living" museums in Massachusetts, recreating life as it was in the 17th and early 19th centuries, respectively. [312] Currently, the Senators are Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey while the Representatives are Richard Neal (1st), Jim McGovern (2nd), Lori Trahan (3rd), Joseph Kennedy III (4th), Katherine Clark (5th), Seth Moulton (6th), Ayanna Pressley (7th), Stephen Lynch (8th), and Bill Keating (9th). All State Mottos. There are a total of 36,800 miles (59,200 km) of interstates and other highways in Massachusetts. [366] The New England Summer Nationals, an auto show in Worcester, draws tens of thousands of attendees every year. The corporate income tax rate is 8.8%,[257] and the short-term capital gains tax rate is 12%. [136] George H. W. Bush, 41st President of the United States (1989–1993) was born in Milton in 1924. The warm to hot summers render the oceanic climate rare in this transition, only applying to exposed coastal areas such as on the peninsula of Barnstable County. [411], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}42°15′35″N 71°48′30″W / 42.2596°N 71.8083°W / 42.2596; -71.8083 (Commonwealth of Massachusetts), This article is about the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. [190] During the early and mid-19th century, immigrant groups began arriving in Massachusetts in large numbers; first from Ireland in the 1840s;[191] today the Irish and part-Irish are the largest ancestry group in the state at nearly 25% of the total population. [338] In this structure, incorporated towns—as opposed to townships or counties—hold many of the responsibilities and powers of local government. The phrase is often loosely translated into English as "By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty." Ticks can transmit the disease once temperatures reach 45 degrees, so shorter winters will increase the window of transmission. [272] Four heritage railways are also in operation: Amtrak operates several inter-city rail lines connecting Massachusetts. Massachusetts State Flag On a white field is a blue shield emblazoned with the image of a Native American, Massachuset. Prima dell'arrivo dei coloni inglesi, la zona era abitata da Algonchini. Amtrak carries more passengers between Boston and New York than all airlines combined (about 54% of market share in 2012),[277] but service between other cities is less frequent. The works of such abolitionists contributed to Massachusetts's actions during the Civil War. [51] In 1786, Shays' Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. Boston's South End and Jamaica Plain are both gay villages, as is nearby Provincetown, Massachusetts on Cape Cod. Massachusetts has a long political history; earlier political structures included the Mayflower Compact of 1620, the separate Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, and the combined colonial Province of Massachusetts. Confina a nord con il New Hampshire e il Vermont, a ovest con lo Stato di New York, a sud con il Connecticut e il Rhode Island, e a est con l'oceano Atlantico. [308] Each branch consists of several committees. Possible interpretations of the exact origin of the word Massachusetts: Massachusetts was the first state to recruit, train, and arm a Black regiment with White officers, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. Warmer temperatures will also disrupt the migration of birds and the blooming of flora. Horace Mann made the state's school system a national model. Mass Save has been formed in conjunction with the State by Berkshire Gas, Blackstone Gas Company, Cape Light Compact, Eversource, Liberty Utilities, National Grid and Unitil to provide homeowners and renters with incentives to retrofit their homes with efficient HVAC equipment and other household appliances. [320] In 2020, Biden received 65.6% of the vote, the best performance in over 50 years for a Democrat. Il Massachusetts è il più popoloso dei sei stati del New England e ha il sesto più alto PIL pro capite della nazione. Nello stato sono frequenti venti anche forti e tempeste marittime, spesso molto violente, che interessano tutta la regione del New England. [221] Massachusetts is also home to the highest ranked private high school in the United States, Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, which was founded in 1778. In the late 19th century, the Olympic sports of basketball[58] and volleyball[59] were invented in the Western Massachusetts cities of Springfield[58] and Holyoke,[59] respectively. The population of the city proper is 692,600,[336] and Greater Boston, with a population of 4,873,019, is the 11th largest metropolitan area in the nation. Il primo esploratore europeo fu l'italiano Giovanni da Verrazzano che, a capo della flotta organizzata dal re francese Francesco I per esplorare il Nord America, arrivò nella zona nel 1524. [369] Other outdoor recreational activities in Massachusetts include sailing and yachting, freshwater and deep-sea fishing,[370] whale watching,[371] downhill and cross-country skiing,[372] and hunting. [198] Massachusetts is home to a small community of Greek Americans as well, which according to the American Community Survey there are 83,701 of them scattered along the state (1.2% of the total state population). In 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America's most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. Montani semper liberi (Mountaineers are always free) [313], Federal court cases are heard in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, and appeals are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. [222], Massachusetts's per-student public expenditure for elementary and secondary schools was eighth in the nation in 2012, at $14,844. In terms of age, 79.2% were over 18 and 14.8% were over 65. [113], During the 19th century, Massachusetts became a national leader in the American Industrial Revolution, with factories around cities such as Lowell and Boston producing textiles and shoes, and factories around Springfield producing tools, paper, and textiles. [327], A number of contemporary national political issues have been influenced by events in Massachusetts, such as the decision in 2003 by the state Supreme Judicial Court allowing same-sex marriage[328] and a 2006 bill which mandated health insurance for all Bay Staters. The white star is symbolic of Massachusetts being one of the original thirteen states. This Massachusetts motto was written around the year of 1659 by Algernon Sidney, an English politician and soldier. In 2004, Massachusetts senator John Kerry who won the Democratic nomination for President of the United States narrowly lost to incumbent George W. Bush. Opens and two Ryder Cups. The Massachusetts State Seal, adopted by Governor John Hancock and the Council on December 13, 1780 and made official by the General Court on June 4, 1885, is circular and bears a representation of the arms of the Commonwealth encircled with the words, "Sigillum … [184] Exurban Boston and coastal areas grew the most rapidly, while Berkshire County in far Western Massachusetts and Barnstable County on Cape Cod were the only counties to lose population as of the 2010 Census. Commonly known as "the Big Dig", it was, at the time, the biggest federal highway project ever approved. [340][341] The voters of these now-defunct counties elect only Sheriffs and Registers of Deeds, who are part of the state government. [179] The descendants of the Puritans belong to many different churches; in the direct line of inheritance are the various Congregational churches, the United Church of Christ and congregations of the Unitarian Universalist Association. Le precipitazioni annue medie sono abbastanza abbondanti in tutte le stagioni dell'anno (si aggirano sui 1070 mm a Boston e sui 1120–1140 mm a Worcester e a Pittsfield, rispettivamente nelle regioni centrali e occidentali). The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment,[240] and high technology remains an important sector. [90] Both religious dissent and expansionism resulted in several new colonies being founded shortly after Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay elsewhere in New England. [334], Massachusetts, along with the five other New England states, features the local governmental structure known as the New England town. LARGER FLAG: View this flag at … The Springfield metropolitan area, also known as Greater Springfield, is also a major center of population. [231] As of January 2020, Massachusetts state general minimum wage is $13.50 per hour while the minimum wage for tipped workers is $5.55 an hour. [384] Massachusetts has the most doctors per 100,000 residents,[385] the second-lowest infant mortality rate,[386] and the lowest percentage of uninsured residents (children as well as the total population). Frosts are frequent all winter, even in coastal areas due to prevailing inland winds. [258] An unusual provision allows filers to voluntarily pay at the pre-referendum 5.85% income tax rate, which is done by between one and two thousand taxpayers per year. Today, Christians make up 57% of the state's population, with Protestants making up 21% of them. Eight years later, former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney (Republican nominee) lost to Barack Obama in 2012. [127] The 1969 closure of the Springfield Armory, in particular, spurred an exodus of high-paying jobs from Western Massachusetts, which suffered greatly as it de-industrialized during the last 40 years of the 20th century. [52] The rebellion was one of the major factors in the decision to draft a stronger national constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation. Nonostante le dimensioni ridotte, il Massachusetts dispone di numerose regioni distinte: a ovest, le dolci Berkshire Mountains circondano la fertile valle del fiume Connecticut (l'ultima delle quali contiene l'area metropolitana di Springfield) nel centro del Massachusetts, le rurali città di collina che circondano Worcester, mentre l'est comprende i dintorni urbani della Greater Boston, le spiagge sabbiose di Cape Cod, e le coste rocciose della costa settentrionale. Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (By the sword we seek peace, ... (Chinook Jargon meaning “bye and bye”) West Virginia. [315] Like most states, Massachusetts's electoral votes are granted in a winner-take-all system. The official state song of Massachusetts is “All Hail to Massachusetts,” written by Arthur J. Marsh.It was unofficially adopted in 1966, but it was written into law by the state Legislature in September 1981. [106] On the coast, Salem became a center for privateering. This was followed by a round of tax limitations during the 1980s—a conservative period in American politics—including Proposition 2½. [184], By sex, 48.4% were male, and 51.6% were female in 2014. The name "Massachusetts" originates with native Americans in the Massachusetts Bay area (from the language of the Algonquian nation). Ogni anno, fin dal 1897 e nel giorno del Patriots' Day, si tiene sulle strade di Boston la maratona di Boston, una delle più antiche e importanti corse podistiche al mondo. [192] In the early 20th century, a number of[vague] African Americans migrated to Massachusetts, although in somewhat fewer numbers than many other Northern states. [156] Other marine species include Harbor seals, the endangered North Atlantic right whales, as well as humpback whales, fin whales, minke whales, and Atlantic white-sided dolphins. Shifting temperatures also result in the shifting of rainfall patterns and the intensification of precipitation events. Freshwater fish species in Massachusetts include bass, carp, catfish, and trout, while saltwater species such as Atlantic cod, haddock, and American lobster populate offshore waters. It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, ac… Children of businessman and ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. included John F. Kennedy, who was a senator and U.S. president before his assassination in 1963, Robert F. Kennedy, who was a senator, U.S. attorney general, and presidential candidate before his assassination in 1968, Ted Kennedy, a senator from 1962 until his death in 2009,[134] and Eunice Kennedy Shriver, a co-founder of the Special Olympics. [278] This overlaps with the service areas of neighboring regional transportation authorities. [60] In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to approve a law that provided for nearly universal healthcare. [331] Following the approval of a ballot question endorsing legalization in 2016, Massachusetts began issuing licenses for the regulated sale of recreational marijuana in June 2018. Massachusetts State Seal Great Seal of the State of Massachusetts Adopted on December 13, 1780 Official: June 4, 1885. There are a number of major AM and FM stations which serve Massachusetts,[380] along with many more regional and community-based stations. [73][74], The official name of the state is the "Commonwealth of Massachusetts". Il National Park Service gestisce una serie di siti storici e naturali in Massachusetts. [149], Massachusetts is located along the Atlantic Flyway, a major route for migratory waterfowl along the eastern coast. [393] According to 2015 rankings by U.S. News & World Report, Massachusetts General Hospital is ranked in the top three in two health care specialties. Discounts of 75 percent or more are available on these insulation improvements. [173], In late 2020, the Baker Administration released a Decarbonization Roadmap that aims for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Above the shield is an arm and a sword, representing the first part of the motto. Cummings, Sylvia Plath, H.P. [59] The American Hockey League (AHL), the NHL's development league, is headquartered in Springfield.[405]. The Boston/Manchester market is the fifth-largest in the United States. Several large bays distinctly shape its coast. [256] There is a tax exemption for income below a threshold that varies from year to year. Both Protestant and Roman Catholic communities have been in decline since the late 20th century, due to the rise of irreligion in New England. He holds a bow in one hand and an arrow in the other. Il soprannome dello Stato è The Bay State[4], ma sulle targhe automobilistiche è riportata la dicitura The Spirit of America. [284], Other ferry connections in the state include a line between Fall River and Block Island via Newport,[285] seasonal ferry service connecting Plymouth to Provincetown,[286] and a service between New Bedford and Cuttyhunk. [379] In addition, there are many community dailies and weeklies. Divenuta la colonia più importante, nel 1643 costituisce la confederazione delle colonie inglesi del New England con il Connecticut, Plymouth, New Haven. From 1786 to 1787, an armed uprising, known as Shays' Rebellion led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays wrought havoc throughout Massachusetts and ultimately attempted to seize the Federal armory. The town was incorporated in 1805 and named Florida at that time, but it had been referenced as "Lebrida" in earlier writings, including some by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nel 1620 la Mayflower attraccò a Plymouth e vi sbarcarono i Padri Pellegrini (Pilgrim Fathers) che fondarono la prima colonia inglese nel Nuovo Mondo con 102 coloni. [342], Massachusetts has contributed to American arts and culture. [114][115] The economy transformed from one based primarily on agriculture to an industrial one, initially making use of water-power and later the steam engine to power factories. [355], Other performing arts and theater organizations in Massachusetts include the Boston Ballet, the Boston Lyric Opera,[351] and the Lenox-based Shakespeare & Company. Molte delle città e contee del Massachusetts hanno nomi identici a quelli in Inghilterra. [305][306] Massachusetts has a pro-sanctuary city law. To the west lies the hilly, rural region of Central Massachusetts, and beyond that, the Connecticut River Valley. [101] In 1774, the Intolerable Acts targeted Massachusetts with punishments for the Boston Tea Party and further decreased local autonomy, increasing local dissent. Le coste sono pianeggianti e fronteggiate da isole tra le quali Martha's Vineyard e Nantucket. Nel XXI secolo, il Massachusetts è un leader nei campi dell'istruzione superiore, tecnologia sanitaria, alta tecnologia e servizi finanziari. [238] Boston-Logan International Airport is the busiest airport in New England, serving 33.4 million total passengers in 2015, and witnessing rapid growth in international air traffic since 2010. [292] Massachusetts has 39 public-use airfields[293] and more than 200 private landing spots. [52] In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept Britain and the Thirteen Colonies, originated from the pulpit of Northampton preacher Jonathan Edwards. [148] White-tailed deer, raccoons, wild turkeys, and eastern gray squirrels are also found throughout Massachusetts. to require all new cars sold to be electric by 2035 as part of climate-change measures", Massachusetts 2050 Decarbonization Roadmap, "Resident Population of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico", "QuickFacts Massachusetts; UNITED STATES", "Table 1. [335], Boston is the state capital and largest city in Massachusetts. French and French Canadians also form a significant part (10.7%),[195] with sizable populations in Bristol, Hampden, and Worcester Counties. [248] Massachusetts is the second-largest cranberry-producing state in the union after Wisconsin.[249]. Massachusetts is the sixth-most popular tourist destination for foreign travelers. “Mass Solar Loan.” Mass CEC, www.masssolarloan.com/. [162], To combat this change, the state of Massachusetts’ Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs has outlined a path to decarbonization of the state’s economy. Eleven communities which call themselves "towns" are, by law, cities since they have traded the town meeting form of government for a mayor-council or manager-council form. Several stations in western Massachusetts are also served by the Vermonter, which connects St. Albans, Vermont to Washington DC.[275]. [275][276] Boston's other major station, North Station, serves as the southern terminus for Amtrak's Downeaster, which connects to Portland and Brunswick in Maine. Bostonian John Adams, known as the "Atlas of Independence",[108] was highly involved in both separation from Britain and the Constitution of Massachusetts, which effectively (the Elizabeth Freeman and Quock Walker cases as interpreted by William Cushing) made Massachusetts the first state to abolish slavery. [69] It has been translated as "near the great hill",[70] "by the blue hills", "at the little big hill", or "at the range of hills", referring to the Blue Hills, or in particular the Great Blue Hill, which is located on the boundary of Milton and Canton. info]), ufficialmente Commonwealth del Massachusetts, è uno dei cinquanta Stati federati che compongono gli Stati Uniti d'America ed è situato nella regione della Nuova Inghilterra. Mary Baker Eddy made the Boston Mother Church of Christian Science serve as the world headquarters of this new religious movement. The motto of Massachusetts is as follows: Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem. [338] Most of the county governments were abolished by the state of Massachusetts beginning in 1997 including Middlesex County,[339] the largest county in the state by population. [227] The public University of Massachusetts (nicknamed UMass) features five campuses in the state, with its flagship campus in Amherst, which enrolls more than 25,000. Al 2018 la popolazione del Massachusetts contava 6 902 149 abitanti.[2]. [308] The current governor is Charlie Baker,[309] a Republican from Swampscott. The white star represents Massachusetts as … [250] In 2007, Governor Deval Patrick signed into law a state holiday, Nonprofit Awareness Day. [86] A majority of people in Massachusetts today remain Christians. [179], The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 95.4% in 1970 to 73.7% in 2014. Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 19 dic 2020 alle 20:40. [162] This is almost twice as much as the average for the contiguous United States. [287], As of 2018, a number of freight railroads were operating in Massachusetts, with Class I railroad CSX being the largest carrier, and another Class 1, Norfolk Southern serving the state via its Pan Am Southern joint partnership. [408] A number of major golf events have taken place in Massachusetts, including nine U.S. The event is known as the "First Thanksgiving" was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World, which lasted for three days. English Americans, the third-largest (11.4%) group, have lived there the longest but form a plurality only in some western towns. The most common varieties of American English spoken in Massachusetts, other than General American, are the cot-caught distinct, rhotic, western Massachusetts dialect and the cot-caught merged, non-rhotic, eastern Massachusetts dialect (popularly known as a "Boston accent"). [144] The areas most affected by human development include the Greater Boston area in the east and the Springfield metropolitan area in the west, although the latter includes agricultural areas throughout the Connecticut River Valley. [208][209] Many Puritan descendants also dispersed to other Protestant denominations. Various Chinatown bus lines depart for New York from South Station in Boston. [347][348][349] Famous painters from Massachusetts include Winslow Homer and Norman Rockwell;[349] many of the latter's works are on display at the Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge. The Massachusetts Bay banished dissenters such as Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams due to religious and political disagreements. His son John Quincy Adams, also from Massachusetts,[111] would go on to become the sixth United States President. A significant Jewish population immigrated to the Boston and Springfield areas between 1880 and 1920. In her letter, Theoharides stresses that as of 2020, the Commonwealth has experienced property damage attributable to climate change of more than $60 billion. His first victory was the Siege of Boston in the winter of 1775–76, after which the British were forced to evacuate the city. [89] Unlike the Plymouth colony, the bay colony was founded under a royal charter in 1629. [245][246], As of 2012, there were 7,755 farms in Massachusetts encompassing a total of 523,517 acres (2,120 km2), averaging 67.5 acres (0.273 km2) apiece. [253], As of January 1, 2019, Massachusetts has a flat-rate personal income tax of 5.05%,[254][failed verification] after a 2002 voter referendum to eventually lower the rate to 5.0%[255] as amended by the legislature. Di origine artificiale and Brazilian populations significant Jewish population immigrated to the built environment and ecosystems pressure. 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Nickname `` Taxachusetts '' 292 ] Massachusetts ' public-school students place among the top tier in increasingly!
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