[13] On 7 September, up to 120,000 attendees, including retired legislator Martin Lee, Cardinal Joseph Zen and businessman Jimmy Lai, attended the demonstration outside the government headquarters, filling the entire North Admiralty area; police said there were 36,000 attendees at 9.30 pm. Teachers perceived that moral and civic education was more successful than moral and national education in cultivating students to become ‘good citizens’. Later, the hunger strike included teachers, a parent, and even a retired professor. The aim of it is to develop positive attitudes and values that provide the 'affective basis for effective learning'. Moral and Civic Education was set as one of the four major educational concerns. [12], The occupation of the government headquarters area exceeded the initial three-day duration, and on 3 September 2012 the Civil Alliance Against National Education announced that they would continue their occupation of the government headquarters area indefinitely. It seemed that Education Bureau of the HKSAR Government has included civic education in a very subtle way. Leung, Y. W. & Ng, S. W. (2004). In introducing Moral, Civic, and National Education in Hong Kong, different actors played an active role behind the scenes – including the Chinese Central Government, the Hong Kong SAR Government, various political parties, educators, and youth (students) – all with their own interests and agendas. Teaching on the topic was continuing in the form of different subjects and activities in schools. The main reason for this controversy was that people in Hong Kong have been suffering from an identity crisis after a century of British rule. Encourage students to care for Hong Kong, and cultivate among students a stronger sense of belonging to China and be aware of their national identity. Annually, the University of Hong Kong implements a public survey through Public Opinion Program to keep track of the progress of the citizens’ identity. Cable News Network. 17(2), 139 – 158. 5, pp. Retrieved on April 4, 2014, from http://hkupop.hku.hk/english/popexpress/qre/tp1312075_18.html, [5] Lai, A. It aims to understand whether and how the proposed curriculum of MCE is practiced in the school. From my own perspective, this trend is just unavoidable as it is a way for Hong Kong to have a better integration. It was civic quality on display, and that’s the best civic education we need,” he said to an emotional crowd at 1.30am. In their online video, Anonymous members claimed responsibility for leaking classified government documents and taking down the National Education Centre website after the Hong Kong government repeatedly ignored months of wide-scale protests against the establishment of the subject. Hong Kong: Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Hong Kong Extensive … [8], This education reform literally reflected how little trust Hong Kong citizens have in the Chinese Central government. The government planned to introduce the new subject in primary schools in 2012 and secondary schools in 2013, and carried out a four-month consultation in 2011. Mixed methods were employed to examine teachers' perceptions of different conceptions of CE expressed as moral, civic and national education. The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union (PTU), an organisation formed by different levels of teachers, believes that MNE is unnecessary, as the original civic education curriculum had already contained "national education". This paper attempts to investigate primary school teachers’ understanding and attitudes towards MCE in Hong Kong. 217-232. [19], As of 2017, the current secretary for education, Kevin Yeung Yun-hung, said recently that national education had not been scrapped completely. The demonstration had even caught international attention through the mass media such as New York Times, NBC, CNN, or BBC news. The influence from China overall will be further intensified in the coming decades. First, conceptualized in a leading for learning framework, the effects of teacher and principal perceptions of parent, teacher and student engagement in school governance on student civic learning were explored. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Journal of Basic Education. Constructions of civic education: Hong Kong teachers’ perceptions of moral, civic and national education. of school education. Retrieved on April 4, 2014, from http://www.edb.gov.hk/en/curriculum-development/4-key-tasks/moral-civic/index.html, [8] International Business Times (2012, September 6). In the questionnaire, one of the questions directly asks about the self-perception of identity among the people of Hong Kong, with the following multiple choices available as a possible response: “Hong Kong Citizen,” “Chinese Citizen,” “Hong Kong Chinese Citizen,” “Chinese Hong Kong Citizen,” “Other,” “Don’t Know / hard to say,” or “Refuse to answer.”[4] Most of the Hong Kong citizens always distinguish themselves from the Mainland Chinese. Some youth put their health at risk by going on hunger strike outside the government headquarters for days and days to illustrate the intensity of their anger, although some critics believed that political parties paid students for going on strike. [7] Conversely, the public may believe that it would be chiefly to promote national education and enhance students’ understanding of China and national identity. Advocates from 91 Countries Call on Governments to Stop Education Profiteers | Peri Global, Let’s Change the Debate and Encourage the Right Kind of Charter. (2012, July 30). Various terms have been used to define civic education (CE) in Hong Kong since the colonial era. [11] On 1 September, an open concert was held as part of the protest, with an attendance of 40,000; guest performers at the protest include RubberBand, C AllStar, Wong Ka Keung, Anthony Wong and others. The HKSAR Government planned to implement the reform in various stages by initially introducing a new subject in primary schools in 2012 and then in secondary schools in 2013. It has been suggested "life event" exemplars being used as learning contexts to enable students to realise positive values. [4]. ( Log Out / 47, No. Hong Kong school year starts hunger strikes. Teachers’ comprehension of these terms has policy and pedagogical implications. Some youth put their health at risk by going on hunger strike outside the government headquarters for days and days to illustrate the intensity of their anger, although some critics believed that political parties paid students for going on strike. Second, drawing on a situated learning … This has been particularly true since 2011, when CE has been given many names, causing confusion among educators. Following the opposition from the public, the government postponed the commencement of the subject indefinitely. Leung, Y. W. (2008). Ironically, most Hong Kong people are actually the early settlers from China. Cheng, Roger. It was one of the four key tasks in the curriculum reform proposal undertaken by the Education Commission in the … Following the serious resistance and criticism from the broader community, the government finally was willing to delay the introduction of the new school subject by suggesting a three-year trial run period, allowing the schools to start, at the latest, in 2015 after consultation and major amendments of some sensitive terms. Moral and Civic Education (MCE) was highlighted in the 2000 curricular reform proposals in Hong Kong. Moreover, there have been divergent views towards Moral, Civic, and National Education among the community-at-large and the official website of the Education Bureau of the HKSAR Government. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy? The Education Bureau stated that it is to cultivate “positive values and attitudes” in students. Long-term plan. The Controversies of Moral, Civic, and National Education in Hong Kong, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-19407425, http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/30/world/asia/hong-kong-national-education-controversy/, http://hkupop.hku.hk/english/popexpress/qre/tp1312075_18.html, http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/04/world/asia/hong-kong-national-education-protests/, http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1056653/controversial-guidelines-national-education-shelved, http://www.edb.gov.hk/en/curriculum-development/4-key-tasks/moral-civic/index.html, http://www.ibtimes.com/hong-kong-protesters-national-education-wary-integration-mainland-china-780011, Ukrainian Government Says NO to Western Educated Ukrainians, Fixing Connecticut School Finance: The Time is Now, On Private Schools and Discrimination: Response to Hechinger Report Editorial Note, Politico: Trump Officials at Pentagon Refused to Cooperate with Biden Team. respect for others, responsibility, national identity, commitment) through teaching in various key learning areas and subjects, as well as a wide range of learning experiences. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. This created a divisive scenario, i.e. This paper narrates how three moral sources of influence – namely Confucian‐parental, Christian‐religious and liberal‐civic – have shaped the development of moral education in Hong Kong from 1973 to 2003. [10], Scholarism began their occupation of the Hong Kong government headquarters on 30 August 2012. The Education Bureau stated that it is to cultivate “positive values and attitudes” in students. Civic Education Committee Team Composition Chairperson: Miss Wong Mei Sze: Vice chairperson: Mrs. Chung Lo Lai Shuen: Members: Ms. Mok Lai Sang: Mrs. Wong Tang Poon Lin: Mr. Lee Kai Sum: Mrs. Yuen Wong Sau Lai: Miss Ng Miu Yee (Ad-hoc member) Mrs Chan Wong King Shan (Ex-officio) Mission and Objectives: Nurture students to have a positive value … Hong Kong people just cannot deny the fact that we have to depend much on China, particularly in the economic development. Moral and national education Traditional Chinese & Quigley, C.N. [www.cbc.ca/news/world/hong-kong-fears-pro-china-brainwashing-in-education-1.1296013 Hong Kong fears pro-China brainwashing in education]. Meanwhile, social discontent with the governance of the Hong Kong SAR increased, which had implications for Hong Kong people’s identity and the endeavours towards political … The website says that the new subject could develop students’ ability to analyze and judge issues relating to personal, family, social, national, and global issues at different developmental stages, and increase their motivation to make commitment and contribution. Hong Kong Protestors of National Education Wary of Integration with Mainland China. Change ). Moral and civic education is a key aim of the Hong Kong English language education curriculum. Delivering Civic Education in Hong Kong 3 modes of civic education curricula (Kerr 1999; Torney-Purta et al, 1999; Birzea et al, 2004). Hong Kong civic education teachers’ understanding of national education and their teaching methodology. School-based civic and moral education programmes on community exploration, Chinese national identity, moral and value education, environmental education also flourished in this period. The HKSAR Government planned to implement the reform in various stages by initially introducing a new subject in primary schools in 2012 and then in secondary schools in 2013. This created a divisive scenario, i.e. During the peak day on July 29, 2012, 90,000 people (or 32,000 according to the government’s estimates) went on the streets to demonstrate in super hot and humid weather. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive Donald Tsang stated in the "Policy Address 2010–2011" that moral and national education would replace MCE to "strengthen national education". Annually, the University of Hong Kong implements a public survey through Public Opinion Program to keep track of the progress of the citizens’ identity. In introducing Moral, Civic, and National Education in Hong Kong, different actors played an active role behind the scenes – including the Chinese Central Government, the Hong Kong SAR Government, various political parties, educators, and youth (students) – all with their own interests and agendas. The Role of Civic Education. [2], According to the revised Moral and National Education Curriculum Guide (Primary 1 to Secondary 6) (MNE Guide) published in June 2012, the subject has the following aims:[3], Education Bureau (EB) claims that Moral, Civic and National Education is "an essential element of whole-person education which aims at fostering students' positive values and attitudes through the school curriculum and the provision of diversified learning experiences". It also claims to "enhance" students' commitments and contributions to analyse and judge personal, family, social, national and global issues. While the study is set within the context of Hong Kong, the findings are valuable to policymakers and educators in other countries … Interviews were conducted with 23 students at three Hong Kong senior secondary schools to address the following research question: How does community service help adolescents develop their moral and civic identities? 2, pp. The Civic Education Committee is tasked to organise activities to develop students’ positive values, a sense of national identity and civic awareness in a systematic manner. It is evidence of nationalism wave 1:). Cable News Network. Page | 1 Abstract This study examined two main effects on student civic learning. (2012, August 31). Try again later. On this ground, it is to develop students' ability to identify the values embedded, analyse objectively … In July 2012, the "Civil Alliance Against the National Education" (民間反對國民教育科大聯盟) was formed by 15 organisations, including Scholarism, Parents' Concern Group, PTU, Hong Kong Federation of Students, Alliance Youth, Civil Human Rights Front and others. In introducing Moral, Civic, and National Education in Hong Kong, different actors played an active role behind the scenes – including the Chinese Central Government, the Hong Kong SAR Government, various political parties, educators, and youth (students) – all with their own interests and agendas. Not for Korean students? Generally speaking, the curriculum before 1985 in Hong Kong was a-national. The Associated Press. At the very least, we have to deal with the influx of increasingly large numbers of Mainland Chinese tourists every day. Keywords: Civics education, Citizenship education, Moral education, Primary curriculum, Teacher understanding, Teacher attitude 1. [3] The protesters firmly believed that the main political motivation behind Chinese Central Government in Beijing was to use Moral, Civic, and National Education as a tool to “brainwash” the citizens in Hong Kong with its communist ideology. There are Most of the Hong Kong citizens always distinguish themselves from the Mainland Chinese. It focuses on a broad conception of moral and civic education: an education that prepares young people to live in Hong Kong society, as well as in a world which is seen as fast-paced, dynamic, and sometimes threatening. The website says that the new subject could develop students’ ability to analyze and judge issues relating to personal, family, social, national, and global issues at different developmental stages, and increase their motivation to make commitment and contribution. Moral, Civic and National Education. As students during the British colonial era, however, we did not study anything about a national identity associated with China. 8 No. It has been fascinating to witness the developments of HK under the Chinese Central governmental rule with continuous dichotomy in ideologies between groups, though “One Country, Two Systems” for HK has been agreed between China and Great Britain before the handover… Let’s see what next will be going on! Schools in Hong Kong always attach great importance to moral and civic education, and seek to cultivate students' positive values and attitudes (e.g. Public Opinion Program. The subject was controversial for its stance on the Communist Party of China and criticism of the United States two-party system.[1]. [5], The "China Model National Conditions Teaching Manual", published by the National Education Services Centre under government funding, was found to be biased towards the Communist Party of China and the "China model". George Washington University. 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