In 1839, Joseph Smith relocated his followers—the Mormons—from a hostile environment in Missouri to Commerce, Illinois which he renamed Nauvoo. Following these flag bearers came other people walking—many families—and some participants riding in horse-drawn buggies and wagons. 12, April 15, 1841. Likely a cavalry guidon of the Utah era version of the Nauvoo Legion. In 1838 the Missouri militia had contemplated a court-martial against Smith, an action that might have been illegal had it been carried out, as Smith was only a civilian at that time. He urged Legion members to not take any action when the Illinois governor ordered the arrests of the Smith brothers, for violating state statutes and by not receiving I prayed to God to help me bless my steps. This caused them to be lost after the deaths of the battalion members, because the source of the cannons was not written. To their surprise, the afternoon house were filled with the dedication of three more temple cornerstones. Last Public Address of Lieutenant General Joseph Smith.jpg 624 × 791; 310 KB. Feeling confident in his military prowess and that of the legionnaires, General Smith invited state and local leaders to attend the May 7, 1842, parade. [citation needed] (Antonga Black Hawk was a Ute and has no connection to the Illinois Sauk chief Black Hawk of the 1830s.) Flag this item for. GA 2012- in process. The original Nauvoo Legion may have used the flag. General Joseph Smith : Posted by Bedard Fine Arts at 10:42 AM No comments: Sunday, January 25, 2015. Of that occasion, General Smith penned, “An elaborated dinner was got up in the grove, of which I partook, in company with the officers of the Legion.”8. From Smith’s ornate sword to his favorite horse, “Jo Duncan,”   Young mirrored his slain predecessor. We were encouraged to wear costumes. This legion was called upon in 1849 to subdue marauding Indians, and its members served in the so-called Walker War of 1853-1854, named after Wakara, a Ute chieftain. Graphic Arts Collection. [citation needed]. It was the signal eye, symbolic of the all-seeing eye of God that led onlookers to wonder aloud about the direction and purpose of the militia on parade. Unfortunately, such meaning did not sit well with onlookers who wanted just pomp and ceremony, not military prowess. At 3:00pm Legionnaires took their positions on the battlefield. But of the, Smith penned, “Highly delighted.”15, It was not until June 18, 1844, that General Smith moved from the sidelines to once again take command of a large parade and “with my staff rode in front of the Legion, marched up Main Street, and returned to our former parade ground.”  This was the last parade Joseph Smith would lead. They were led by a flag bearer and drummer boy followed by a contingent dressed as the Nauvoo Legion. Rigdon spoke of the significance of laying cornerstones for a House of the Lord. The parade was led by missionaries carrying flags and wearing uniforms that represented the Nauvoo Legion. But none question that the Nauvoo Legion had shown its applauding visitors that May day in Nauvoo that it had grown into a veritable army, ten times the size of the 9th Regiment of Hancock County. GeneralJosephSmithAddress-JohnHafen.jpg 338 × 410; 63 KB. Utah (/ ˈ juː t ɑː / YOO-tah, / ˈ juː t ɔː / YOO-taw) is a state in the Western United States.It is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south and Nevada to the west. Most participants wore pioneer clothing and walked the one-mile route; others rode in horse-drawn wagons. In 1847, Mormon leader Brigham Young reformed the Nauvoo Legion into a fully functional paramilitary force, which was organized into sub-units for each of the Utah counties as the Deseret Territorial Militia akin to their contemporaries the Army of the Republic of Texas and the Texas Rangers.[4]. At this Independence Day celebration, Joseph Smith spoke of patriotism and revealed, “I would ask no greater boon, than to lay down my life for my country.”  After his speech, ranking officers adjourned to the temple site, where a sumptuous feast was served for their enjoyment. Curious guests lingered near the temple grounds hoping that artillery fire, sword exercises, and a sham battle would follow. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Personal arms were also used. In the last month of his life, June 1844, Joseph Smith declared martial law in Nauvoo in response to various civil disturbances and initially deployed the Nauvoo Legion to defend the city, only to restrain the Legion from any action later. It was not until 1:00pm that he dismissed the soldiers, advising them to make ready for a sham battle. To them, the Legion of Nauvoo had become a militia force to be feared. The alleged Nauvoo Legion Flag. The main plot is not really worth to be mentioned. by authority by Nauvoo Legion (Ill.) . This was the first Nauvoo Legion review and parade. The provenance of the 2 pounder is currently unknown. It was held in conjunction with the 11th anniversary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Soon thereafter, the Nauvoo charter was revoked, and the Nauvoo Legion lost its official sanction as an arm of the Illinois militia.[1]. Legionnaires made a credible and soldier-like appearance with but on notable flaw. They employed tactics of supply destruction and avoided direct fighting. Responses to his invitation were encouraging. The final use of the Legion was in Utah's Black Hawk War 1865–1872 when over 2,500 troops were dispatched against Indians led by Antonga Black Hawk. There are however some reported incidents in diaries of Saints concerning gunfire exchange between legion members and mobs during the Nauvoo era (citation needed). Sutter wrote a letter to the pioneer society in the 1870s where he said that his cannons, except for one Russian 4 pounder, which he donated to a museum in San Francisco, were all Spanish guns. April 6, [Tuesday] 1841 – At an early hour the several companies comprising the “Nauvoo Legion,” with two volunteer companies for Iowa Territory, making sixteen companies in all, assembled at their several places of rendezvous, and were conducted in due order to the ground assigned for general review.1. The one exception was Lieutenant General Smith, who declined to be an active participant in the battle. The Illinois state legislature granted Nauvoo a liberal city charter that gave the Nauvoo Legion extraordinary independence even though it was still a component of the Illinois State Militia and under the ultimate authority of the Governor of Illinois. It is not known if it was used in Nauvoo, Illinois or in the later Nauvoo Legion Utah period. Federal troops dispatched in response to the 1870 Ghost Dance ensured Shaffer's order was enforced. Mark walked for 2 of his great grandfathers but also walked for Truman O. Angell who was part of the Nauvoo Legion and one of my relatives. But there were problems. Flag. Bishop J. H. Hale, 88-91, as cited in Glen M. Leonard, Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise (Salt Lake City; Deseret Book Company, 2002), 118. This flag was saluted with canon fire and than accompanied the Nauvoo legion as it made its solemn sacred march up mauholland street to … history of the nauvoo legion as it existed in utah but little material in that work pertains directly to this study it is hoped therefore that this thesis will be a worthwhile contribution to ones increased understanding and appreciation of a memorable institution in the mormon past the nauvoo legion 2 aval1 labie ng appa Arestlyreutly ln i COU-AC sl a histonical. Graphic Violence ; Graphic Sexual Content ; texts. As Legionnaires obeyed, conspicuously missing at their minor events was the commander-in-chief and his military staff. Few Legionnaires at this, their last parade, walked with heads held high and even fewer recalled the boastful days when Hosea Stout’s poem of greatness applied: They’ll find that Illinois firm in her place will stand. NauvooLegionpaint.gif 576 × 378; 136 KB. One motive for the higher rank was to prevent Smith from being tried in a court-martial by officers of lesser rank. Nauvoo newspaper was burned to the ground on Joseph Smith's orders, due to the publication of articles critical of Smith and his church's policies; Joseph Smith was ordered to the Carthage Jail under charges of Treason. After the revocation of the Nauvoo Charter, the members of the Nauvoo Legion continued to operate under the command of Brigham Young, leader of the movement's largest faction, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Where an answer to prayer began ! Shop high-quality unique Nauvoo T-Shirts designed and sold by artists. 4 (Winter 11957): 398. And, faithfully, sustain us, in peace upon her land. Tom Simpson photo . In Utah, the Deseret Militia and Utah Territorial Militia used the official name of the Nauvoo Legion. The Legion tended to be very top-heavy, in that there was a disproportionate number of high-ranking officers to regular soldiers. The Nauvoo Legion in Illinois was able to draw on Federal stands of arms. As he reviewed the soldiers, “the governor, General J. J. Hardin and staff” looked on. Voter-conscious Illinois Democrats and Whigs (including Abraham Lincoln) passed a bipartisan city-state charter for Nauvoo in 1840. The bronze 4 pounder was found to have the crest of King Carlos 3 of Spain. “We doubt whether the like was presented in any other city in the western country,” remarked General Smith.13, Other parades in 1842-1843 echoed the confidence of the May parade. Upwards of eleven thousand visitors stood near the parade grounds waiting for the military events to begin. The Nauvoo Legion was permanently disbanded in 1887. Depleted of its official status, remnants assumed roles such as guardians of the handcart and wagon companies heading west after being reorganized by Hosea Stout on September 22, 1846, as they amassed on the other side of the Mississippi River in the territory of Iowa where the citizens of Nauvoo were safe from attack by mobs and Illinois and Missouri militia, and waited for winter to end so they could migrate (citation needed). A carronade, a ship cannon, was purchased by the legion in Nauvoo. At 10:00am Major General Bennett made a grand entrance to his brightly colored uniform with plumb atop a chapeau. The Nauvoo Legion never gathered again, and the 1887 Edmunds-Tucker Act permanently disbanded it. On December 16 the governor signed it into law, granting Smith and the city of Nauvoo broad powers. Of a company parade held on September 10, 1842, General Smith wrote, “this was the day for the training of the companies of the Nauvoo Legion; and lest I should be observed … I kept very still.”14 Without Joseph Smith reviewing the troops in his splendid military regalia, small parades attracted little attention. Media in category "Nauvoo Legion" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. They were not disappointed. “Bringing up the rear were 1840s carriages, covered wagons, and the medical van,” Sister Ritchie said. The soil deed started a fast pace . These "valley counties" initially encompassed only a small portion of the area of Deseret and were expanded as settlement grew. [citation needed]. He took command of the soldiers and ordered them into formation. This military force was a militia similar to the Illinois State Militia, and it became known as the "Nauvoo Legion". There Legion officers with their staffs formed an inner square while the infantry and cavalry formed an outer square. We became the last row of d flags in a hurry. With growing antagonism from surrounding settlements it came to have as its main function the defense of Nauvoo, and surrounding Latter Day Saint areas of settlement. Five 1803 Harpers Ferry rifles were issued to the hunters of company A. In 1844, after a controversy where the Voter-conscious Illinois Democrats and Whigs (including Abraham Lincoln) passed a bipartisan city-state charter for Nauvoo in 1840. Salt Lake City Utah USA Museum of Church History Nauvoo Legion Flag - Territorial Flag & United States Flag Wagon illustration, Happy Pioneer Day text. Among these was the authority to create a "body of independent militarymen". The 4 pound Spanish bronze is in the Mormon Battalion Visitor Center in San Diego, Calif. General Smith led the military procession. The flag was respectfully received and the occasion hailed by more cannon fire. It was nicknamed the "Old Sow" and is on display at the Church History Museum in Salt Lake City. Four Presidents served under its banner - Martin Van Buren (1837-1841), William Henry Harrison (1841), John Tyler (1841-1845), and James Polk (1845-1849). 6 “A Proclamation, to the Saints Scattered Abroad,” Times and Seasons, 15 Jan. 1841, 2:274; JS, Journal, 4 July and 14 Aug. 1842; JS History, vol. Twenty or so men including Mark were the Nauvoo Legion and marched with guns and ammo sacks (all pretend) at the head of the crowd. People carried flags that represented the countries that they came from. An exact description of the Nauvoo Legion flag (1841-1845) is not available. In 2001 three Spanish guns were identified in the LDS Church storage facility in Salt Lake City. This flag was saluted with canon fire and than accompanied the Nauvoo legion as it made its solemn sacred march up mauholland street to the laying ceremony. The sham battle that followed had the trappings of a great contest. The Legion was followed by flag bearers from different countries of those that migrated here to join the church. He recalled crimes perpetrated against Latter-day Saints in Missouri and assured all present that in enduring “those scenes of tribulation, his confidence, his courage and his joy had been increasing instead of diminishing.”  He cautioned exuberant Legionnaires “not to usurp authority, but to obey as they are commanded and directed; to honor, not the world, but Him that is alive and regins.”5, Then, on cue, architects laid a cornerstone of the temple in its proper place. All three Spanish cannons, which were brought to Salt Lake City on pallets, were mounted on carriages copied from the mountain howitzer carriage, probably in preparation for the Mormon defense against Johnston's army in 1857. When we got to the river, their was a flag ceremony and a prayer. Sister McCleod walked by me. Nauvoo Legion lined up first- then flag carriers me. The Legion flag of the 1850s had thirteen stars and stripes, symbolic of the United States flag. NauvooLegion.jpg 470 × 364; 73 KB. Local commanders and members of the Iron County, Utah Territorial Militia, overcome with suspicion and war hysteria, perpetrated the Mountain Meadows Massacre against a group of wagon trains travelling from Arkansas to California in September. Today the mountain howitzer is on display in the Fort Douglas museum in Salt Lake City. Times and Seasons, 1839-1846 [Nauvoo, Illinois] 2, no. Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and everyone. Tanner Trust Fund, University of Utah Library, 1980 found online at: Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=328944, http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/BYUIBooks/id/3168, "Uniforms and Equipment of the Black Hawk War and the Mormon War", "Nauvoo Legion, 1840–1845 — A Unique Military Organization", "Series 2210: Territorial Militia Records, 1849–1877, 1905–[ca.1917]", List of Reorganized Restorationist churches, Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) history, Doctrine and Covenants (Book of Commandments), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nauvoo_Legion&oldid=1000193416, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Military units and formations established in 1840, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah, Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Protect Mormon settlers from domestic and foreign enemies, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 01:45. 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