Egypt is a country. Religious Beliefs", "The Water Supply of Jerusalem, Ancient and Modern", "Debate flares anew over Dead Sea Scrolls", "Mean Daily Sunshine on each month for Jerusalem, Israel", "Roads to Jerusalem closed as huge storm batters Israel", "Biblical snowstorm: Rare flakes in Cairo, Jerusalem paralyzed by over a foot", "Worst ozone pollution in Beit Shemesh, Gush Etzion", "Long Term Climate Information for Israel", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Table 3. Golden 5. أُورُشَلِيمَ-القُدس. [151][162], Byzantine Jerusalem was conquered by the Arab armies of Umar ibn al-Khattab in 638 CE. [196] In the mid 19th century, the Ottomans constructed the first paved road from Jaffa to Jerusalem, and by 1892 the railroad had reached the city. Jerusalem has been sacred to Judaism for roughly 3000 years, to Christianity for around 2000 years, and to Islam for approximately 1400 years. [251], Prior to the creation of the State of Israel, Jerusalem served as the administrative capital of Mandatory Palestine. [21], Within the past few years, there has been a steady increase in the Jewish birthrate and a steady decrease in the Arab birthrate. [334], In 2005, 2,850 new immigrants settled in Jerusalem, mostly from the United States, France and the former Soviet Union. Does It Snow In Jerusalem? Located in the Middle East, Jerusalem has a long history that dates back to the 4th millennium BCE. Israel Railways operates train services to Malha train station from Tel Aviv via Beit Shemesh. [165] Later the Temple Mount became known as al-Haram al-Sharif, "The Noble Sanctuary", while the city around it became known as Bayt al-Maqdis,[166] and later still, al-Quds al-Sharif "The Holy, Noble". In 2017, the United Nations refused to recognize exclusive Israeli claim to Jerusalem. [305], The Jerusalem City Council is a body of 31 elected members headed by the mayor, who serves a five-year term and appoints eight deputies. According to the poll, 40% of Palestinian residents would prefer to leave their neighborhoods if they would be placed under Palestinian rule.[273]. [362] As prescribed in the Mishna and codified in the Shulchan Aruch, daily prayers are recited while facing towards Jerusalem and the Temple Mount. According to the New Testament, Jesus was brought to Jerusalem soon after his birth[364] and later in his life cleansed the Second Temple. "Jerusalem became the center of the Jewish people some 3,000 years ago" Moshe Maoz, Sari Nusseibeh. Eleven of the skyscrapers will be either office or apartment buildings, and one will be a 2,000-room hotel. [22], According to Peace Now, approvals for building in Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem have expanded by 60% since Trump became U.S. president in 2017. The proportion of the Jewish population fell from 74% in 1967 to 72% in 1980, to 68% in 2000, and to 64% in 2010. [126][127], According to the Bible, King David reigned for 40 years[128] and was succeeded by his son Solomon,[129] who built the Holy Temple on Mount Moriah. [338][339], While some Israelis avoid Jerusalem for its relative lack of development and religious and political tensions, the city has attracted Palestinians, offering more jobs and opportunity than any city in the West Bank or Gaza Strip. [343], Demographics and the Jewish-Arab population divide play a major role in the dispute over Jerusalem. [320][321] A day in Jerusalem has on average, 9.3 sunshine hours. The Jerusalem Theater in the Talbiya neighborhood hosts over 150 concerts a year, as well as theater and dance companies and performing artists from overseas. In a phenomenon seen rarely around the world, the percentage of Jewish men who work, 47%, is exceeded by the percentage of Jewish women who work, 50%. [citation needed], Water supply has always been a major problem in Jerusalem, as attested to by the intricate network of ancient aqueducts, tunnels, pools and cisterns found in the city. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com. The population was 4,469 at the 2010 census. The Kidron, Hinnom, and Tyropoeon Valleys intersect in an area just south of the Old City of Jerusalem. [17] In 1538, the city walls were rebuilt for a last time around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. In 1998, the Jerusalem Development Authority proposed expanding city limits to the west to include more areas heavily populated with Jews. [76][77] Another name, "Zion", initially referred to a distinct part of the city, but later came to signify the city as a whole and to represent the biblical Land of Israel. One of the proposed towers along King George Street, the Migdal Merkaz HaYekum, is planned as a 65-story building, which would make it one of the tallest buildings in Israel. [197] In the 1840s and 1850s, the international powers began a tug-of-war in Palestine as they sought to extend their protection over the region's religious minorities, a struggle carried out mainly through consular representatives in Jerusalem. It is positioned in "Asia/Jerusalem" time zone ( GMT+2 ) with current time of 06:11 PM, Monday (difference from your time zone: hours). [331][332] According to a study published in 2000, the percentage of Jews in the city's population had been decreasing; this was attributed to a higher Muslim birth rate, and Jewish residents leaving. [271] A poll conducted in June 2013 found that 74% of Israeli Jews reject the idea of a Palestinian capital in any portion of Jerusalem, though 72% of the public regarded it as a divided city. The city is home to the Knesset,[299] the Supreme Court,[300] the Bank of Israel, the National Headquarters of the Israel Police, the official residences of the President and Prime Minister, the Cabinet, and all ministries except for the Ministry of Defense (which is located in central Tel Aviv's HaKirya district) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (which is located in Rishon LeZion, in the wider Tel Aviv metropolitan area, near Beit Dagan). [355] In recent years, private Jewish foundations have received permission from the government to develop projects on disputed lands, such as the City of David archaeological park in the 60% Arab neighborhood of Silwan (adjacent to the Old City),[356] and the Museum of Tolerance on Mamilla Cemetery (adjacent to Zion Square). In biblical times, Jerusalem was surrounded by forests of almond, olive and pine trees. [331] Only 8.5% of the Jerusalem District work force is employed in the manufacturing sector, which is half the national average (15.8%). The Moroccan Quarter, which was located adjacent to the Western Wall, was evacuated and razed[243] to make way for a plaza for those visiting the wall. The rest of the city "... was called Iliya, reflecting the Roman name given the city following the destruction of 70 CE: Aelia Capitolina". [103] Some call the site of this first settlement, the Ophel ridge. However, for most of the 13th century, Jerusalem declined to the status of a village due to city's fall of strategic value and Ayyubid internecine struggles.[183]. [391][392][393] The skyscrapers built throughout the city are expected to contain public space, shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues, and it has been speculated that this may lead to a revitalization of downtown Jerusalem. Jerusalem is located in Israel and/or Palestine, which are countries in the Middle East. In 1836, Ibrahim Pasha allowed Jerusalem's Jewish residents to restore four major synagogues, among them the Hurva. [283][284] The move was criticized by many nations. The municipal complex, comprising two modern buildings and ten renovated historic buildings surrounding a large plaza, opened in 1993 when it moved from the old town hall building built by the Mandate authorities. [452] Beitar Jerusalem Football Club is one of the most well known in Israel. [204] Until the 1880s there were no formal Jewish orphanages in Jerusalem, as families generally took care of each other. Although many statistics indicate economic growth in the city, since 1967, East Jerusalem has lagged behind the development of West Jerusalem. The city's birthrate stands about 4.2 children per Jewish family and 3.9 children per Arab family. (pp. [note 3][13], Throughout its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, besieged 23 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, and attacked 52 times. 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