The bunch-grass, grown at such an elevation, possesses extraordinary nutritive properties, even in midwinter. In the early autumn of 1861 the troops marched eastward, and thus ended the famous Utah expedition. But, unwilling to take the trouble to assign to each train a proportionate quantity of all the articles to be transported, he had packed one after another with just such things as lay most conveniently at hand. It is an oath, the spirit of which the Endowed carry into their daily life and all their relations with the Gentile world. These walls were built of cobble-stones cemented with mortar. In brief, the Mormons no longer claim to be a Christian sect, but assert, and truly, that their religion is as distinct from Christianity as that is from Mahometanism. THE UTAH EXPEDITION. THE UTAH EXPEDITION de UNITED STATES. April 1859 Issue. When the U.S. Army “Invaded” Utah. From this brief review of the natural features of the country, some idea may be formed of the intensity of the religious enthusiasm which has induced fifty thousand Mormon converts to traverse it, — many of them on foot and trundling hand-carts, — to seek a home among the valleys of Utah, in a region hardly more propitious; and some idea, also, of the difficulties which were to attend the march of the army. But when the Captain reached Green River all that was visible near the little French trading-post was two broad, black rings on the ground, bestrewn with iron chains and bolts, where the wagons had been burned in corral. Most of the other civil officers who were commissioned about the same time with Colonel Steptoe arrived the August after he had departed. (From Incidents of the Utah Expedition of 1859 to 1860, under Genl. He was, at the time, in command in Kansas, subject in a measure to the will of Governor Walker. The Mormon religion was free to run its own course and develop whatever elements it possessed of good and evil. On the 17th of September, he left Fort Leavenworth, and by rapid travel overtook Colonel Smith while he was engaged in collecting the trains which he intended to escort to the main body. View full catalog record. That night more than five hundred animals perished from hunger and cold, and the next morning the camp was encircled by their carcasses, coated with a film of ice. The Far West and the Rockies Historical Series 1820-1875, vol. Kimball, the second in authority in the Church, called on the people to adhere to Brigham, as their “prophet, seer, and revelator, priest, governor, and king.” The sun set on the first overt act in the rebellion. J.N. Brigham Young, still acting as governor, declared martial law and deployed the Nauvoo Legion to delay the troops with "scorched earth" tactics. The Utah Expedition (1857-1858) was a bloodless military conflict between the Mormon militia, referred to as the Nauvoo Legion, and the Unites States government over the installation of a new governor in the Utah Territory. In these rites, which are symbolical of the mystery of procreation, both sexes participate, clad in loose flowing robes of white linen, with cleansed bodies and anointed hair. Link Copied. In Washington, a new president faced his first crisis. Hardcover. With the Cheyennes war had been waged by the United States for more than two years, which interfered seriously with the expedition for, during the month of June, a war-party from that tribe intercepted and dispersed the herd of beef-cattle intended for the use of the army. Read part two here and part three here. This correspondence was now abruptly terminated by Colonel Johnston. Sessions. He established Camp Floyd in Utah County in 1858, but left the army to join the Confederacy in 1860. Governor Walker had, by this time, released his hold on the dragoons, and, notwithstanding the advanced period of the season, they were preparing to march to Utah. That distinguished soldier gave a decision adverse to the immediate dispatch of the expedition. It had been satisfactorily established, that the Mormons, acting under the influence of leaders to whom they seemed to have surrendered their judgment, refused to be controlled by any other authority; that they had been often advised to obedience, and these friendly counsels had been answered with defiance; that officers of the Federal Government had been driven from the Territory for no offence except an effort to do their sworn duty, while others had been prevented from going there by threats of assassination; that judges had been interrupted in the performance of their functions, and the records of their courts seized, and either destroyed or concealed; and, finally, that many other acts of unlawful violence had been perpetrated, and the right to repeat them openly claimed by the leading inhabitants, with at least the silent acquiescence of nearly all the rest of the population. It was about so many things and may be interpreted in so many different ways. The Utah Expedition. The Utah Expedition, 1857-1858: Letters Of Jesse A. Gove, 10th Infantry, U.S.A. The 10- to 12-foot steel object was first discovered by the Utah Department of Public Safety during a sheep-counting expedition in the Utah desert on November 18th. The sun, sinking through a cloudless western sky, silvers the long line of the lake, which is visible twenty miles away. It was a scene which could be paralleled only in the retreat of the French from Moscow. In total ignorance that the standard of rebellion had already been raised, General Harney, in the beginning of August, detached Captain Van Vliet, the Quarter-master on his staff, to proceed rapidly to Utah to make arrangements for the reception of the army in the Valley. Author:: Gove, Jesse Augustus, 1824-1862: Author:: Hammond, Otis Grant, 1869-1944: Author:: New York herald The natural characteristics of the entire route are as unpromising as those of its inhabitants. Though both American, each organization possessed unique social and cultural factors that influenced its employment of Mission Command. The Utah expedition, 1857-1858, 1958(hdg. The flesh was jerked and stored carefully in cabins built for the purpose. I know what I think I shall say; if they play the same game again, let the women be ever so bad, so help me God, we will slay them.”. Gove, Jesse Augustus, 1824-1862. The loss of three trains more would reduce the troops to the verge of starvation before spring, in case of inability to reach Salt Lake Valley. April 1859 Issue. It mattered not that the rations were abridged, that communication with the States was interrupted, and that every species of duty at such a season, in such a region, was uncommonly severe. Though at first perceived as likely to be permanent, the Move South was transformed into a tactical and temporary maneuver soon after word came that Kane had persuaded Cumming to come to Salt Lake City without the army. Find items in libraries near you. From the frontier, at Fort Leavenworth, it sweeps over a broad rolling prairie to the Platte, a river shallow, but of great width, whose course is as straight as an arrow. Thus the long and dreary winter commenced in the camp of the army of Utah. Paperback – October 15, 2011 by Jesse Augustus Gove (Author), Otis G. Hammond (Editor) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions They built great pavilions, decorated them with colors and stacks of arms, and danced as merrily on Christmas and New Year’s Eves to the music of the regimental hands, as if they had been in cozy cantonments, instead of in a camp of fluttering canvas, more than seven thousand feet above the level of the sea. bumping to spine ends, else … dk, green publisher's cloth, bright gold title on spine, dk. Hole in the Rock crevasse looking down at Lake Powell.. On January 26, 1880, after six months of blasting and chiseling, an expedition of 250 Mormon Pioneers with their wagons and livestock descended through a rocky crevice known as the Hole in the Rock to the Colorado River below (now Lake Powell). A feeble, and of course unsuccessful, attempt was then made to supplant Young with Lieutenant-Colonel Steptoe, a meritorious, but too amiable officer of the regular army, — the same whose defeat by the Cayuses, Spokans, and Cœur d’Alènes, last May, occasioned the Indian war in Washington Territory. All Rights Most of the civil officers, however, dug square holes in the ground, over which they built log huts, plastering the cracks with mud. Remembering earlier difficulties with troops and perhaps swayed by the ardor of the recent reformation movement (see Reformation (LDS) of 1856-1857] of 1856-1857), Church leaders interpreted the army's unannounced coming as religious persecution and decided to resist. Warned by the faithful Indians of his danger, the Doctor fled to the mountains, and twenty Pah-Utahs and Uinta-Utahs escorted him to the South Pass, where he joined Colonel Johnston on the 23d of October. The propagation of the religion of which Joseph Smith was the prophet has just begun to attract the notice its extraordinary success deserves. Here the road becomes entangled again among mountains, and winds its way over steep ridges, across foaming torrents, and through cañons so narrow that only noon-day sunshine penetrates their depths, until it emerges, through a rocky gate in the great barrier of the Wahsatch range, upon the bench above Salt Lake City, twelve hundred miles from Fort Leavenworth. The ample supplies of some articles were rendered unavailable by deficiencies in other articles equally necessary. Gunnison, having caught the exploration bug during his previous expeditions in Florida and Michigan, was thrilled to … The rest of their contents was mostly flour and bacon. See the article in its original context from July 8, 1857, Page 5 Buy Reprints. Following thence the North Fork of the Platte, and its tributary, the Sweetwater, — so named by an old French trapper, who had the misfortune to upset a load of sugar into the stream, — it emerges from the Black Hills into scenery of a different character. So long as the head of the Mormon Church was considered a kind of Mahometan Sam Slick, and his associates a crazy rabble, it was vain to expect that the whole sect could be treated with more attention than any of the curiosities in a popular museum. The consequence was, that in the wagons which were burned were contained all the mechanics’ implements, stationery, and horse-medicines, although the loss of the latter was not to be regretted. The existence of polygamy was officially denied by the highest ecclesiastical authority, although we know to-day that the denial was a shameless lie, and that Joseph Smith, during his lifetime, had a plurality of wives, and at his death bequeathed them to his successor, who already possessed a harem of his own. A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z. Walker, Ronald W. Review of Camp Floyd and the Mormons: The Utah War, by Donald R. Moorman and Gene A. The confrontation lasted from May 1857 until July 1858. Magraw and W.W. Drum- Jesse Gove of the 10th Regt. View on timesmachine. The troops detailed for the service were the Fifth Infantry, then busy fighting Billy Bowlegs among the everglades of Florida, — the Tenth Infantry, which was stationed at the forts in Upper Minnesota, — the Second Dragoons, which was among the forces assembled at Fort Leavenworth, to be used, if necessary, in Kansas, at the requisition of Governor Walker, — and Phelps’s light-artillery battery, the same which so distinguished itself at Buena Vista, under the command of Captain Washington. Posted on December 26, 2014 by launiusr. It announced, also, that proceedings would he instituted against the offenders, in a court to be organized in the county by Judge Eckels, which would supersede the necessity of appointing a military commission for that purpose. 8. Reserved. Create lists, bibliographies and reviews: or Search WorldCat. He decided to send them all to Henry’s Fork, thirty-five miles south of Fort Bridger, where he had at one time designed to encamp with the whole army. The opening at the top caused a draught, by means of which a fire could be kept up beneath the tripod without choking the inmates with smoke. See this page in the original 1992 publication. Search. Brevet Brigadier-General Harney was assigned to the command-in-chief an officer of a rude force of character, amounting often to brutality, and careless as to those details of military duty which savor more of the accountant’s inkstand than of the drum and fife, but ambitious, active, and well acquainted with the character of the service for which he was detailed. The Utah Expedition. The "Move South" resulted. Defense efforts terminated some of the Mormon outpost settlements in present-day California, Nevada, Wyoming, and Idaho, interrupted and weakened the missionary effort in Europe, curtailed immigration, and dissipated much of the enthusiasm and discipline generated by the Reformation of 1856. Title:: The Utah expedition, 1857-1858; letters of Capt. Link Copied. Their wealth consists in cattle and horses, and little stocks of goods which they purchase from the sutlers at the forts or the merchants at Salt Lake City. Known variously as "Buchanan's Blunder," the "Mormon War," and the "Contractor's War," the U.S. Army's expedition to Utah during 1857-1858 was a significant event for all involved. To be sure, an assemblage of members of both sexes, clad in white shifts, with oiled and dishevelled hair, in a room fitted up in resemblance of a garden, to witness a performance of the allegory of Adam and Eve in Eden, which is conducted so as to be sensually symbolic, is not suggestive of refined ideas; but it is necessary to take into consideration the character both of performers and witnesses, which is not distinguished in any way by delicacy. On the 13th of October, eight hundred oxen were cut off from the rear of the army and driven to Salt Lake Valley. March of the Utah Expedition from Fort Bridger to Fort Leavenworth /by Jesse Augustus Gove, 1861. Walker became a physician and land speculator for the Loyal Land … Amazon.ae: The Utah Expedition: Message From The President Of The Unite There is persuasive evidence, however, that Brigham Young never intended to force a military showdown. For in-stance, the editors chose to ignore the immediate causes of friction between the United States government and the people of Utah. Much better known than the Rivera expedition, the travels of Fathers Francisco Atanasio Dominguez and Silvestre Velez de Escalante have left the name of the latter on a number of Utah sites. The tensions, differences, and misunderstandings that preceded the resolution, however, remained, and it would be nearly forty years before Utah would be accepted as a state (see Utah Statehood). Tag Archives: The Utah Expedition. During the previous February, the United States District Court had been broken up in Salt Lake City. That Brigham Young hoped for a diplomatic solution is clear from his early appeal to Thomas L. Kane, the influential Pennsylvanian who had for ten years been a friend of the Mormons. At the distance of about two hundred miles from the Missouri frontier the soil becomes so pervaded by sand, that only scientific agriculture can render it available. So, without investigation, mail service to Utah was suspended and 2,500 troops led by Albert Sidney Johnston were ordered to accompany Cumming to Great Salt Lake City. However, the Move South continued, probably because the government representatives insisted that Johnston's troops must be admitted but were unable to guarantee that they would come in peacefully. At a meeting in the Tabernacle, at which the Captain was present on the platform, when Brigham Young called on the audience for an expression of opinion, every hand was raised in favor of the policy of resistance, and in expression of willingness, if it should become necessary, to abandon harvest and homestead, retreat with the women to the mountains, and wage there a war of extermination. Captain Marcy was the officer selected to lead in the arduous expedition. For more than a fortnight the army toiled along Ham’s Fork, cutting a road through thickets of greasewood and wild sage, incumbered by a train of such unwieldy length that often the advance-guard reached its camp at night before the rear-guard had moved from the camp of the preceding day, and harassed by Mormon marauding parties from the Fort, which hung about the flanks out of the reach of rifle-shot, awaiting opportunities to descend on unprotected wagons and cattle. Immediately upon the news of this attack reaching Hams Fork, Colonel Alexander, who had then assumed the command-in-chief; dispatched Captain Marcy, of the Fifth Infantry, with four hundred men, to afford assistance to the trains, and punish the aggressors, if possible. Not far distant spring the fountains of the Columbia. Utah Expedition. Crossing into Utah northeast of Monticello, most likely on October 6, 1765, they traveled into the Lisbon Valley. Two days after he left the city, a proclamation was issued by Young, in his capacity of Governor, in which the army was denounced as a mob and forbidden to enter the Territory, and the people of Utah were summoned to arms to repel its advance. Rights Concord, N.H., In view of these facts, Mr. Buchanan determined to supersede Brigham Young in the office of Governor, and to send to Utah a strong military force to sustain the new appointee in the exercise of his authority. It had resounding effects throughout American science and history, and disrupted the lives of countless Native Americans throughout North America. Hole in the Rock crevasse looking down at Lake Powell.. On January 26, 1880, after six months of blasting and chiseling, an expedition of 250 Mormon Pioneers with their wagons and livestock descended through a rocky crevice known as the Hole in the Rock to the Colorado River below (now Lake Powell). Had he dreamed, further, that the grotesque mounted corps was to be employed in regions two thousand miles beyond the frontier of the Anglo-Saxon pioneer of 1789, to guard travel to an actual El Dorado, the vision would have appeared still more extraordinary. He was able to do nothing except to send orders to the other trains on the road to halt, concentrate, and await the escort of Brevet Colonel Smith, of the Tenth Infantry, who had started from the frontier in August with the two companies mentioned as having been left behind in Minnesota, and by rapid marches had already reached the Sweetwater. The National Park Service invites you to explore stories, places, and the people involved in Lewis & Clark Expedition. PRESIDENT (1857-1861. A level table-land extends to the fords of Green River, a clear and rapid stream, whose entire course has never yet been mapped by an intelligent explorer. An ordnance-battery, also, was organized for the purposes of the expedition. When the Territory was organized in 1850, the government at Washington, acting on an imperfect knowledge of the nature of Mormonism, conferred the office of Governor upon Brigham Young. Some companies of infantry were, indeed, mounted on mules, and sent to pursue them, but these only excited their derision. It appeared to him, at the time, a proper, as well as politic, appointment. On Blacks Fork there was no grass for their support. Powell repeated the expedition in 1871-72. Soon after Christmas, Kane received Buchanan's permission to go to Utah, via Panama and California, as an unofficial mediator. Utah expedition, 1857-1858. Thefts and assaults became frequent, and promised to multiply as the season advanced. He resolved, very properly, in view of his seniority, to assume the command-in-chief until General Harney should arrive from the East. Meanwhile, how hearts were heating in the States with anxious apprehension for the safety of kindred and friends, those who felt that anxiety, and not those who were the objects of it, best know. See the article in its original context from March 9, 1858, Page 2 Buy Reprints. One of the first and most important of Colonel Johnston’s duties was to provide for the keeping, during the winter, of the mules and horses which survived. Join us on our best overland adventure yet: Expedition Utah. The fate which seems to impend over the expedition to Utah wears. New Hampshire Historical Society Collections - Volume 12. An Indian lodge had evidently been the model of the inventor. When the first reports of Kane's contacts with General Johnston were discouraging, the apprehension was reinforced. Also, Hayden"s thorough study of neighboring Colorado south of King's Fortieth-Parallel Surveys had some relevance to Utah as a result of contributions to current knowledge of the state's eastern boundary. But the majority hung around the camp. The news of the stoppage of the mail reached Salt Lake Valley July 24th, an eventful anniversary in the history of Mormonism. Governor Cumming, in the mean while, dilly-dallied in the East, travelling from St. Louis to Washington and back again, begging for an increase of salary, for a sum of money to be placed at his disposal for secret service, and for transportation to the Territory, — all which requests, except the last, were denied. The Mormons nicknamed them jackass cavalry. View on timesmachine. Hole in the Rock Expedition. Utah Expedition Command Ambiguity,” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 42 (Spring 2009): 30–64. This letter contained, besides, certain threats concerning the treatment of prisoners, and reminded Colonel Johnston that the Mormons also had prisoners in their power, on whom anything which might befall those in camp should he retaliated. The New York Times Archives. Newberry, John S. Report of the exploring expedition from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the junction of the Grand and Green Rivers of the great Colorado of the West, in 1859: under the command of Capt. Furniss, Norman F. The Mormon Conflict, 1850-1859. Their little town they named Eckelsville, after the Chief Justice. The water of the Fork, clear and pure, rippled noisily over a stony bed between two unbroken walls of ice. The march was attended with the severest hardships. During the spring of 1857, the preparations for the expedition were hurried forward, and in June the whole force was collected at Fort Leavenworth. First person account by Captain Gove (based primarily on letters to his wife), of the combat between the US army and Mormon settlers, during what is known as the Utah Expedition or Utah War of 1857, triggered by the decision of … And this ceremony is not a mere empty form of words. [Cornelius Conway] Home. Meanwhile, Utah communities were called upon to equip a thousand men for a spring campaign. The term of service for which the men enlisted was nine months. According to their standard of morality and taste, the rites of the Endowment are devoid of immodesty. The business of loading the trains had been carelessly performed at Fort Leavenworth. About the middle of January a new growth is developed underneath the snow, forcing off the old dry blade that ripened and shed its seed the previous summer. On the contrary, he begins to appear as a man of great native strength and scope of mind, who understands the phases of human character and knows how to avail himself of the knowledge, and who has acquired spiritual dominion over one hundred and fifty thousand souls, combined with absolute temporal supremacy over fifty thousand of the number. To some of these the Quartermaster was able to furnish work, but he was obviously incapable of affording this assistance to all. A month or two later, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated, and preparations for the Utah Expedition were immediately ordered. This mode of announcement was probably preconcerted with Brigham Young, who was undoubtedly aware of the facts on the preceding day. As the animals failed, all the wood used in camp was obliged to be drawn a distance of from three to six miles by hand, but there were few gayer spectacles than the long strings of soldiers hurrying the wagons over the crunching snow. It was at his option, at any time during his sojourn, to have claimed the supreme executive authority, he did not do so, but even headed a recommendation to President Pierce for the reappointment of Brigham Young. Attached to this, the canvas sloped to the ground, forming a tent in the shape of a regular cone. A dépôt for all the military stores was established at Fort Bridger, where a strong detachment was encamped. In his perplexity, Colonel Alexander called a council of war, and, with its approval, resolved to commence a march towards Soda Springs, leaving Fort Bridger unmolested on his left. expedition: A journey of some length or difficulty for a definite purpose. General Harney also tarried in Kansas, intending to wait until after the October election there, at which disturbances were anticipated that it might be necessary to quell by force. Second, in his expedition through Utah the following year (1845), Frémont spent some two weeks in the vicinity of both Utah Lake and the Great Salt Lake. Had the Mormons burned the next three trains upon the road, they would have destroyed all the clothing intended for the expedition. CAMP NEAR FORT BRIDGER, UTAH TERRITORY Monday, Dec. 14, 1857. Reaching Salt Lake City late in February, he found Church leaders ready for peace but distrustful. In this respect the quartermaster who superintended the work might have learned a lesson from the experience of the British in the Crimea. Anxious to expand the Spanish Empire to thwart the expansion of other European powers, and to enrich themselves, New Mexican authorities sent expeditions northward. He was reputed to be a gentleman of education, ambition, and executive ability. It was an act of devotion which has rarely been excelled in Indian history. The Utah Expedition 1857-1858: A Documentary Account of the United States Military Movement under Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston, and The Resistance by Brigham Young and the Mormon Nauvoo Legion. The struggle with the elements, during the last two hundred miles before gaining Fort Bridger, was desperate. This is part one of a three-part series. TheAtlantic.com Copyright (c) 2021 by The Atlantic Monthly Group. About this Book. The mission of Smith and Taylor failed, as might have been expected, — the Chairman of the Committee on Territories, Mr. Grow, of Pennsylvania, refusing even to present their Constitution to the House, — and they prepared to return to Utah. The entire interval, one hundred and fifty miles in breadth, is filled with groups and chains of mountains, the direct route through which to Salt Lake City lies along water-courses, following them through cañons so narrow that little science is necessary to render the natural defences impregnable. In April, 1857, before the snow had begun to melt on the mountains, all of them, in a party led by Surveyor-General Burr, were on their way to the States, happy in having escaped with life. The first page has Secretary of War John B. Floyd's letter to the Speaker of the House, James L. Orr, dated Apr. The republishing of the documentary history of this important military operation is also significant, for it makes available once again an impressive collection of key documents. February 26, 1858.--Referred to the Committee on territories by United States. Jesse A. Gove, 110th Inf., U.S.A., of Concord, NH, to Mrs. Gove, and special correspondence of the New York Herald.

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