This piece is perfect Italian hallmarking. In France, there are numerous testing laboratories across the French Departments (states.) Oh My Giddy Aunt has been online since 2003, and their Australian jewellers and manufacturers have been creating solid gold and sterling silver jewellery for many, many, many decades! The banknotes after Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 that were issued by the Austro-Hungarian Bank had their value that was guaranteed with gold as enacted in the Banking Act. one of excellence. The Altrohlau Porcelain Factories operated till . Silver Tray, Blue Trinket Box BFMC [An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought (1995)] Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) began as a devoted Smithian but more consistently attached to laissez-faire. The sheet contains information about the maker along with an indicator of the rarity of the mark. This indicates the "Star of Italy, number is the company and the 2 letters indicate the province the company is located. Compare the crown . He also established three warehouses in Prague, Vienna and Pest. 35th Annual General Meeting; Tony Kean AWARD 2022; Makers Marks Valuers Book; Home; About GSGA; Members; Makers Marks; Standards; View #Q24982 VICTORIAN Austro-Hungarian St. George and the Dragon pendant, polychrome enamel on sterling with a pearl drop This crown hallmark was used in Iran from 1967 to the late 1970's. The letter at top indicates town, A = Vienna, year 1857. So if you have a mark that you wish to identify, please check out our identification page. We help people find out more about their antique Australian jewellery - and particularly the maker. Candelabra Pillars Cake Decorations $29.00 + $3.99 shipping. This left facing head of Mercury The II indicates the 2nd standard of silver - 833/1000. Without such a pedigree the Vienna Philharmonic would never have become Europe's most sought after bullion coin. invented by Duke Leopold V of Austria (1157-1194) while he was involved in a It can be confusing as the anchor was also used by European jewellers. Database of Antique Clock Clockmakers' Names and Dates, Antique Clocks Identification and Price Guide. In Austria, the gulden was initially divided into 60 kreuzers (German: Kreuzer, Hungarian: krajczr, Croatian: krajcar, Czech: krejcar, Polish: krajcar). The Austrian symbol is a "W" inside a crown that also looks like a rounded "W." While gold hallmarks are not found on every piece of jewelry made now or in the past, they can help unlock some mysteries when they are found. 3.7 End of German reparations. In 1858, new notes were issued denominated in "Austrian Currency" rather than "Convention Currency". It was signed in Vienna in November 1972 and entered into force in 1975. A Russian Assay Office was established in Warsaw. He and his wife moved to America in 1939. The mark of the maker needs to be in a lozenge shield with the initials of the maker incorporated in it Hallmarking in Spain: Weight: 23.48 grams. It is not easy to answer on the question why. Explore. These hallmark images are copyrighted by HRI Permission to use these images is allowed 44.99 + 4.95 Postage. The finer the jewellery, the smaller the stamp and you may need your magnifying glasses! American Silver & Other Metals. MAIN standards: p. 386 #3 Leipzig 1690, p. 392 carolin=3 gold gulden=9fl 1736, p. 386 #5 Convention 1753, p. 382 1857 Vereinsthaler 500g/30=16.7g. This owl in an oval frame shape hallmark represents a gold item that is imported from These symbols often can help narrow down who made a particular piece and even during what time period. The first which most people are familiar with is the hallmark or karat marking, the second piece can be the jewelers or manufacturers stamp. He also established three warehouses in Prague, Vienna and Pest. Share. 3 joined rigid bracelets in 18kt 750/1000 rose gold with round pendant containing a 20 Austrian franc coin from 1892 (900/1000 gold) with faceted ring around. However, the banknotes were not tied to the coinage and their values floated relative to one another. Frames, Sconces, and Candelabras Doll House Miniatures from Hobby Lobby, which I antique-finished 375 represents 375 parts out of 1000 that make up pure 24k gold. Copper coins were initially issued in denominations of 1 heller (18 kreuzer) up to 1 kreuzer, with silver coins in denominations from 3 kreuzers up to 1 Conventionsthaler. This hallmark is another example of a mark that reveals the town where the item was hallmarked. Hutschenreuther and since then was used a MZ Altrolau mark. I - Europe), Often hallmarks are designed with imagery of landmarks, famous people or royalty, or, in this case, treasured national objects as their core image. Austrians discussion of effective intervention(s) for a particular client also stresses the importance of working with families in treating disorders. Following the forint's introduction, Hungary issued relatively few coins compared to Austria, but the Kingdom of Hungary started minting its own gold forints in 1329. 35th year of issue in the Austrian Gold Philharmonic Series! Obviously, the original name of a German company was in German. ), This the left of the star represents the assay office where the item was marked - Tbilisi, in use from 1958 until 1994. Finding this mark indicates the item has tested with limited warranty by touchstone to be a minimum of 18kt or 750/1000 parts gold. AUSTRIAN SILVER MARKS. one of excellence, (hallmark) authentication: a mark on an article of trade to indicate its The Gulden was defined as half of a Conventionsthaler, equivalent to 120 of a Cologne mark of silver, or 11.6928 g. The South German gulden was set lower at 24 guldens per Cologne mark of silver, or 2.4 guldens per Conventionsthaler, or 9.744 g. The North German Reichsthaler currency unit was then defined as 1+12 Gulden or 34 a Conventionsthaler, or 17.5392 g. Following the winding up of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Gulden became the standard unit of account in the Habsburg lands and remained so until 1892. This hallmark is another example of a mark that reveals the town where the item was hallmarked. $42.00 + $4.85 shipping. KM# 2844, N# 12316. In a So, articles bearing the CCM are acceptable across the member countries. I - Europe), This rooster facing left is an example of a more recent hallmark used by the Czech and Slovak Republics indicating a small domestic gold article of the 3rd standard - 750/1000 partsgold. 2003 - 2023 Oh My Giddy Aunt. Email. The letter W inside a crown belongs to Austria, the letter P inside a box belongs to Czechoslovakia. (For more information on this hallmark, consult page 211 & 215 of World Hallmarks - Vol. Sponsor mark details: This identifies the person or company manufacturing or importing gold for sale in the country, Fineness: Hallmarking is required for gold articles above 1 g. It is defined in parts per thousand (ppt). Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Maker's Marks. London, for example, is lions head. A mark stamped on articles of gold, silver, or platinum in Britain, certifying their standard of purity, A distinctive feature, esp. As of 1690 the gulden used in Southern Germany and the Austrian Empire adhered to the Leipzig standard, with the gulden worth 118th a Cologne Mark of fine silver or 12 reichsthaler specie coin, or 12.992 g per gulden. Written for social workers by a social worker, We specialise and focus on Antique Australian jewellery dating from the 1850's to 1940's. See more ideas about pottery makers, pottery, pottery marks. (Consult page 115 of World Hallmarks - Vol. Austrian's discussion of effective The barrel shape outline tells us that the item marked weighs more than 10 grams. Egypt has been formally hallmarking precious metals for over a century. 237 sold. From 1866, the K. K. Staats Central Casse ("Imperial and Royal State Central Cashier") issued banknotes, followed from 1881 by the K. K. Reichs Central Casse which issued the last Gulden banknotes, dated 1888. 3.5 Dawes Plan. Right ~ 19th Cent. We help people find out more about their antique Australian jewellery - and particularly the maker. Original Austrian army combat M65 jacket OD military olive drab Parka combat NEW. When the gulden was decimalized in 1857, new coins were issued in denominations of 12 (actually written 510), 1 and 4 kreuzers in copper, with silver coins of 5, 10, and 20 kreuzers, 14, 1 and 2 gulden and 1 and 2 Vereinsthaler and gold coins of 4 and 8 gulden (or 10- and 20 francs). What's the Birth Stone & Acrostic Jewellery Story. In the upper left corner of the oval are two digits in Arabic that represent a '2' and a '1' which means the item tested as a minimum of 21k gold. Check out our austria hallmarks selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. It is a fact that people collect. Finding the carat stamp is one of the first things to do after falling in love with a precious piece of jewellery to make sure it really is a precious piece of jewellery made to last - and we can tell you what to look for. All rights reserved. Contained within the rectangular (actually is a shovel shape) frame shape outline hallmark In my experience, Swiss watches intended to be exported to Tsarist Russia show the 56 along with either a 14K (or sometimes 14 C) and/or a decimal (.585) mark. The Turkish and Napoleonic Wars led to token issues in various denominations. Do you have a mark that you'd like to identify? The symbols for some countries are rather distinct. Looking for them, particularly on new buys, is smart to ensure the quality sold is what is genuinely received. Sometimes its just an interesting piece bought or acquired. Everything you need to know while travelling with gold. In 1892 the Austro-Hungarian gulden was replaced by the krone, with each krone containing 100328 grams of gold, at a rate of 1 gulden = 2 kronen (gold-silver ratio 18.2). French marks are based on symbolism using abstracted forms of animals, people, insects and birds. cloth underneath was untouched by it. Denominations were fewer than in Austria, with copper 12, 1 and 4 krajczr, silver 10 and 20 krajczr and 1 forint, and gold 4- and 8 forints. The design of this hallmark tells us that the item was a large silver object. . Below are several punch marks for German order decoration makers: Punch mark of the famous Prussian jeweler and order decorations maker Hossauer. MZ Altrohlau Czechoslovakia CM-R 1909 - 1922 mark. Chairs and Marble Topped Table Tom at Victorian Wood Shop In the photo above that graphic, the symbol is the number 75 which is a nationally recognized region number for Paris, hence representing the Assay Office located in the Paris Area. This hallmark depicts a national treasure - the Pahlavi Crown of Iran. 18.00 + 2.95 Postage. $45.44 + $4.85 shipping. We specialise and focus on Antique Australian jewellery dating from the 1850's to 1940's. Most common is "A" which means Viennese control authority. You can look for marks, but frequently the jewelry only bears the mark of the company they worked for. PROOF MARKS: GERMAN PROOF MARKSPROOF MARKS: GERMAN PROOF MARKS, cont. In 1909 the firm was bought by C.M. Most porcelain companies have employed a variety of marks throughout their history, which can identify a date of production. linear classification approach and DSM-IV-TR categories and encourages social Austrian hallmarks. #4. ), (For more information on Iranian hallmarks, consult the HRI's second publication World Hallmarks - Vol II, on pages 129-134. ), This hallmark was used in Poland from 1920 to 1931 on only silver items. in European politics until the 19th century, A yellow precious metal, the chemical element of atomic number 79, valued The marks Austria and made in Austria only signify the country where the piece was manufactured. In 1836 Novotny started manufacturing porcelain. 3.8 Amount paid by . Welcome to the Austrian Mint, one of the world's leading coin producers. https://books.google.com/books?id=GrJCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA360#v=onepage&q&f=false, Geldschein.at - Picture gallery of Austrian gulden banknotes, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_gulden&oldid=1141517830, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, Articles containing Croatian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 13:08. "Florin" is derived from the city of Florence, Italy where the first florins were minted, from 1252 to 1533. epidemiology, assessment, and intervention planning for common mental disorders. Check out our tips to identify your marks. They were in business from 1799 on and competed with Hossauer. It also includes example images too. It represents a metal content of either 750 gold or 950 silver, minimum. Many people have referenced pieces of antique porcelain marked with a "beehive" mark as "Royal Vienna" for as long as they can remember. There is no negative tolerance. Some marks are made up of letters listed in alphabetical order. Do you know what is wrong with these stamps and why? (For more information on this hallmark, consult page 33 of World Hallmarks - Vol. Antique Forget Me Not Enamel Band Gilded Silver Thimble * Austria * Circa 1900s. The dog's head hallmark on the right is the French hallmark for platinum items that test to be a minimum of 950/1000 parts platinum introduced at the end of 1912. (For more information on this hallmark, consult page 70 of World Hallmarks - Vol. Mexican Silver Marks. Antique English Sterling Silver Heart Thimble * 1904 Hallmarks by . In some cases the stamp can also be found on the bail or the loop at the top of a small pendant, particularly with hollow or delicate jewellery to ensure the look and integrity of the jewellery is protected. . If a ring, for example, has a 10k mark on it, United States law requires that piece also bear a gold trademark. The order and orientation of the two hallmarks can provide more specifics on the ratios of the different metals that make up the item, as well. Gold hallmark 4 (so called lapwing)used for 585/1000 fineness until the year 1993: . The company exported products to North and South Americas and the Dutch colonies. with families in treating disorders. (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader Oh My Giddy Aunt jewellery is hallmarked and stamped to guarantee you are purchasing a keepsake piece to treasure. KURT WAYNE Hallmark(s): "KW", "Kurt Wayne" Information: Born in Austria, lived as an orphan until placed in the care of a jeweler, where he began learning the trade at an early age. 18k - 18 karat gold consists of 75% gold. Italian hallmark- star, number, and 2 letters. Is A 1973 Canadian Silver Dollar Coin A Collectors Item. The MZ Austria marks were used by this porcelain factory since it was in 1884 bought on auction by Moritz Zdekauer Bank. Crown marks, typically found on the bottom of fine china items, are clues that help you determine the age and the manufacturer of each piece, as well as its country of origin. The company exported products to North and South Americas and the Dutch colonies.In 1909 the firm was bought by C.M. These little symbols are sometimes difficult to puzzle out, but they can tell a whole lot about a piece of jewelrys history if their mystery is unlocked. Most gold jewelry will have a hallmark which can be in the form of a number/letter combination (most common in North America) or a number on its on (more common in Europe and South America). The most popular color? "World Hallmarks" book series, each available here. The alloy must be at least 750 parts per 1000 to be marked as such. Means that the article has been independently tested. Here's a list of many other known Australian maker's marks. COMMERCE AND FINANCE. The responsibility marks must be registered in the country which applies the CCM. SILVER HALLMARKS BEFORE 1807 (HABSBURG EMPIRE) VIENNA HALLMARKS The first officially known Viennese hallmark dates to 1524, which, apart from a few alterations, was used up to the 18th century County mint offices were established in 1696 to supervise the fineness of gold and silver manufactures. On p. 363: the silver equivalent of the guld gulden received the name gulden groschen. I - Europe). 1930's Austrian Gold Link Bracelet with Hallmarks and Initials at 1stDibs | antique austrian gold hallmarks, austrian hallmarks Log In Sign Up Furniture Lighting Decor & Gifts Art Jewelry & Watches Fashion World of 1stDibs Sale Auctions Sorry, we're currently experiencing technical difficulties. These hallmarks were randomly posted on the home page and now archived here. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email. This French owl hallmark has been used since 1893. These issues were tied in value to the bank's paper money (see below). . The Anchor is the symbol of Assay Office Birmingham . Acceptable fineness standards are 375 ppt, 585 ppt, and 750 ppt. The frame shape or outline of thishallmark indicates it was assayed in Lisbon between the years of1886-1938. Coin Highlights: Available to you in plastic flips or acrylic tubes of 20 coins! These stamps are typically made up of the manufacturers initials, name, or another unique representative symbol. An identifiable mark from Austria is that of Schoffel & Co., which is a symbol shaped like a crown. Made in Italy. Original Dutch army shirt M65 military issue Air Force shirts . Wecharge a small amount so we can keep this website running. If you have bought gold in Europe and are planning to carry it back to India, make sure you read this to know the necessary rules and regulations: Everything you need to know while travelling with gold. Did you know that Hallmarking gold jewellery was Europe's earliest form of consumer protection, dating back to King Louis IX of France and Edward I of England in the 1200s ? What to know before investing in gold futures? Pottery & Porcelain Marks. Below is a history (in terms of grams of silver) of the standards of the Austro-Hungarian gulden from 1690 until the gold standard was introduced in 1892. LOCAL AND OVERSEAS MARKETS. Fill in your details into the form below (or just drop us an email) with a description of your marks and we'll be in touch with more info! In the illustration on the left the symbol is located on the owl's chest. In 1870 it employed 800 workers. origin and authenticity. The Austrian flag is said to be among the Guarantees that it conforms to all legal standards of purity (fineness). As king of Saxony in the eighteenth century, Augustus commissioned the first production of European hard-paste porcelain. 10k - 10 karat gold is the lowest karat gold available in the US, and is composed of 41.7% gold among other metals. MZ Austria Antique Plate Flowers Scalloped Porcelain Gold Trim 10" Floral $2.99 1 bid $12.55 shipping 1h 7m mz austria porcelain $7.99 0 bids $9.00 shipping 23h 12m Antique MZ Austria China Scallop Serving Dish Plate Rose Hand painted W Gold $65.80 Free shipping or Best Offer Alternatively just email us? Crown mark. ), These hallmark images are copyrighted by HRI MAIN p. 364, Imperial Mint Ordinance of 1524 defines a silver piece = 1 Rhenish gold gulden. Although the notes did have a slight premium over coins early on, in later years, the notes fell in value relative to the coins until their value was fixed in 1811 at one fifth of their face value in coins. (For more information on Syrian hallmarks, consult the HRI's second publication World Hallmarks - Vol II, pages 297-304. 3.3 End of reparations for Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary and Turkey. First law: 750 fineness (parts per thousand), Second law: 585 fineness (parts per thousand). Continue reading Best of the Web We offer a range of services to help you identify jewellery marks! Austria-Hungary also decimalized at the same time, resulting in a new currency system of 100 kreuzer = 1 gulden and 1+12 gulden = 1 Vereinsthaler. A hallmark is a series of stamps applied to items made from precious metals such as platinum, gold and silver. This Quartz Crystal Locket was imported to Austria-Hungary circa 1872 to 1922. Austrian Gold Hallmarks. 2 posts Page 1 of 1. solo Posts: 62 Joined: Wed Nov 21, 2018 12:01 pm Location: Ukraine. Seller 99.9% positive. Mar 18, 2015 - Explore Sandi Logan's board "Collection of porcelain & pottery makers marks", followed by 462 people on Pinterest. Teapot Miniature Hallmark Ornament Boasting 825 years of experience, the Austrian Mint is renowned the world over for first-class precious metal processing and coin manufacture. All issues ceased in 1794 and did not resume until 1830, when silver coins of 20 krajczr and above were issued. His intensified statism was merely one aspect of his major and highly unfortunate contribution to economics: his . On older items these marks may be a symbol such as a lions head etc. a country whose standards do not comply to French Customs fineness standards. In 1836 Novotny started manufacturing porcelain. In the United States, for example, gold hallmarks are not always required on finished works of jewelry. Consequently, Austria-Hungary adopted a new standard for the gulden, containing two-thirds as much silver as the Vereinsthaler, or 11+19 g. This involved a debasement of the currency of 4.97%. In some cases you may also find the maker's mark or hallmark along side the carat stamp on a piece of jewellery so you know who made the jewellery. There is a drop of boasting in gathering, as well as a desire to stop the magic that is hidden in old things used by the former generation. The convention is a treaty among states that are represented by their ministries responsible for precious metals. (Mark on the lower cross arm of a Red Eagle Order 3rd class 2nd model) Mark of the gold manufacture Humbert & Sohn in Berlin. (For more information on this hallmark, consult page 109 of World Hallmarks - Vol. In 1857, the Vereinsthaler was introduced across the German Confederation and Austria-Hungary, with a silver content of 16+23 grams. 3.6 Young Plan. In 1892, the Austrian Mint struck these gold coins as a commemorative release. Antique 15 Kt Gold Thimble w/ Pearl Set Band * English * Circa 1870. I - Europe). Only in 1868, following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, did a full issue of coins for Hungary begin. It has the 14K Gold Standard Fox Head Hallmark (Irregular Hexagon) with the Fox Head facing to the left; the letter A to the left of it, and a number 4 on the right of it. Austrian Gold Hallmarks hallmarks A mark stamped on articles of gold, silver, or platinum in Britain, certifying their standard of purity A distinctive feature, esp. one of excellence, (hallmark) authentication: a mark on an article of trade to indicate its origin and authenticity. All other accessories Re-ment Gold Fruit Bowl Antique Austrian Salt Cellar England tends to use regional symbols, i.e. After the Siege of Acre, his white Look out for our sign-up confirmation email in your inbox. The jewelers or manufacturers mark may or may not be on a piece of gold jewelry. There are also hallmarks in our country of The Convention on the Control and Marking of Articles of Precious Metals (Hallmarking Convention), . Manufacturers are not obliged to do so. from August 16, 1819 to May 9, 1838. (symbol) Made in Austria. The laws regulating gold hallmarks do tend to vary from country to country, but in some locations they can even help a buyer figure out exactly where a ring was crafted and even by whom. Austrian hallmarks. When a piece of jewelry is marked 14KP that marks references that the piece of jewelry is exactly 14 karat gold. Silver (.640) 12 g 29.4 mm. Contains 1/4 Troy oz of .9999 pure gold in BU Condition. This was slightly less than 1+12 times the silver content of the Gulden. Read on to learn the gold jewelry list of marks. FOREIGN EXCHANGES (British Official Wireless) (United Press Association) (By Electric TelegraphCopyrlgV) DOLLAR RATES The Asso Gold Filled Corrugated Beads. The Altrohlau Porcelain Factories operated till 1945, when it was nationalized. Optional Marks Date Letters I - Europe), This is an example of the inclusive design of the Soviet Russian hallmark. Pinterest. In other countries their meanings do tend to vary a bit. to indicate the location of this variable, if one so exists. oldest national flag designs in the world. The earliest porcelain mark in the history of European production is the monogrammed Meissen "AR" mark, which stands for Augustus Rex, sometimes known as Augustus the Strong. In 1870 it employed 800 workers. We Buy Gold, Platinum And Silver In Any Condition Canada Wide. In the UK, an item must include 3 compulsory marks: Sponsor's or maker's mark: there marks are unique to every jeweller, maker, retailer or wholesaler and consist of a . Hallmarks can become fainter as time goes on with heavy wearage/usage. ), (For more information on Syrian hallmarks, consult the HRI's second publication World Hallmarks - Vol II, pages 297-304. Looking at disorders from an ecosystems perspective, Austrian goes beyond a linear classification approach and DSM-IV-TR categories and encourages social workers to analyze the internal and external environmental factors that contribute to a disorders development. This is a good rule of thumb for newer purchases, but not necessarily on antique pieces. LOT of 8 Antique Sterling Silver THIMBLES 31.9 Grams. This piece is perfect. 14k - 14 karat gold is one of the most popular gold purities for gold jewellery. (Look for more information on Egyptian hallmarks in the HRI's World Hallmarks - Vol II, pages 87-104. Email: info@australianhallmarks.com. (For more information on this hallmark, consult page 112 of World Hallmarks - Vol. The hallmark that is very commonly seen, that is 14 karat, is a fineness or quality mark and not a weight measurement. Later, trademarks that showed which goldsmith had manufactured the product were added. It is applied by the designated national assay offices after checking the fineness as per the agreed testing methods. Their hallmark methodology is sequential and generally comprised of 3 components aligned as in the example to the left. The gulden was subdivided in 60 kreuzer, each of 4 pfennig or 8 heller. A hallmark is an official mark or series of marks struck on items made of This list is sorted alphabetically and by country. The company still operates in the Czech Republic under the name Starorolsky Porcelan Moritz Zdekauer in the town Stara Role near Karlovy Vary. Toys & Dolls Marks. Why were the city hallmarks (Lemberg) of 1855 placed . a country whose standards do not comply to French Customs fineness standards. If it was made in a country that adheres to the Convention on the Control and Marking of Articles of Precious Metals (otherwise known as the Common Control Mark), you should find a set of hallmarks / stamps. The number 4 stands for the 4th standard for gold in Austria which is 14k or 585/1000 parts gold. (hallmark) a distinctive characteristic or attribute, of or relating to Austria or its people or culture; "Austrian A karat stamp is the 10k, 14k, 18k or even 24k mark on some pieces of jewelry. Would you like more information on the value or sale of your gold jewelry? Case hardened "Heeren" single shot action with full coverage vignette engraving, side safety, and . Left ~ 18th Cent. precious metals -- platinum, gold, silver and in some nations, palladium. II page 212: Vienna, 1864: silversmith Josef Gedlitzka ref: Neuwirth/Wiener Gold-und Silberschmiede und ihre Punzen 1850-1866 vol. These symbols often can help narrow down who made a particular piece and even during what time period. Understanding the gold hallmarking standards in European countries, Everything you need to know about gold hallmarking in UK, Things to keep in mind before recycling gold. The manufacturers of these pieces are not known. However, the red and white flag did not become the national flag of Austria until 1919. Examples include minor scuffs, worn design features, and possible contact marks. music", (austria) a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs Other marks were used by Bawo & Dotter as well, all referencing "Elite" in some way. This mark must be registered with the Spanish Office of Patents and Marks.