An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Arhivirano 2021-01-22 na Wayback Machine. [46], One prominent example of a local traditional dessert of the Transylvanian Saxons is the hanklich (Romanian: hencle or hencle ssesc), a sweet cheese pie with powdered sugar on top (variations include plums as main ingredients, raisins, or other dry fruits). Siebenbrgisch-Schsischen
The surname Barbaneagra is composed of two words: "barba", which means beard, and "neagra", which is the Romanian form for "negru", meaning black. Hanklich from a local restaurant in Sibiu/Hermannstadt, Hanklich from a local bakery in Braov/Kronstadt, The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, The proper usage of the term Saxon in the context of medieval Transylvania, Medieval colonies outside the Carpathian arch, Status of privileged class in Transylvania, Loss of elite status and unification with the Kingdom of Romania, The Hungarian King who invited the first German/Saxon settlers in Transylvania during the, The small blue grey-coloured region to the north of the map is situated in present-day. place-related (current dwelling location, former
Although his actions were ultimately rescinded, many Saxons began to see themselves as being a small minority opposed by nationalist Romanians and Hungarians. The coastal stretch from the Elbe to the . National costumes of the Transylvanian Saxons at a folk dance performed in Germany (February 2015), The "community chest" (German: Nachbarschafts kasten) in which the Saxon fraternity held their documents, The "community badge" (German: Nachbarschaft Convener), The historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons[f], Alternative historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons, Transylvanian Saxon women in traditional costumes attempting a folk dance, Traditional Transylvanian Saxon costumes from Wallendorf (Unirea village, now part of Bistria, Bistria-Nsud County), Interior of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon house, The cuisine of the Transylvanian Saxons is very similar to that of the Romanians and the Hungarians living in Transylvania as well as to the Germans, Austrians, or Alemannic Swiss. Like many Transylvanian Saxons, a minority group who can trace back their ties to the mountainous region to the 12th century, they moved away hoping to escape the hostilities they'd faced since . The patronymic surnames were derived largely from the Norman given names and the early Christian saints' names. Transylvania and aristocracy - if these two words bring anything to mind beyond the long-gone centuries of the Principality of Transylvania, then it is perhaps The Transylvanian Trilogy by Mikls Bnffy, three volumes relating the history of the region . 5. Two Seats), Mediasch und Schelk. The soup is made with starchy potatoes and meat, usually pork or . Join more than three million BBC Travel fans by liking us onFacebook, or follow us onTwitterandInstagram. To download a copy, please contact hello@wikitongues.org.Th. In the 18th and 19th centuries Sephardic and Orthodox communities emerged in the Banat and the . Read More. Its weekly publication is the Volksblatt. Fogg Germanic This surname appeared in Denmark during the time of the Vikings. Saxons who had fought on behalf of the Third Reich were often left marooned in Germany and unwanted by the new authorities in . Salt Anglo-Saxon, English. These surnames with matrilineal roots are common in the historical region of Moldova. present-day Rmnicu Vlcea) and Piteti (German: Pitesk). At the same time, the Saxons were also charged with developing agriculture and introducing Central European culture. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen[6][7] or simply Soxen, singularly Sox or Soax; Transylvanian Landler: Soxn or Soxisch; Romanian: Sai ardeleni, sai transilvneni/transilvani; Hungarian: erdlyi szszok) are a people of mainly German ethnicity (and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish) who settled in Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania, German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, Latin: Transsilvania, Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis, Medieval Latin: Trnsylvnia) in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. For decades, the main . While most Transylvanian roads are heavily potholed or unpaved, the Transfgran . Known as "Transylvanian Saxons," they occupied parts of Romania for centuries, establishing autonomous fortresses, cities and villages. The process of emigration continued during communist rule in Romania. Nevertheless, Transylvanian Saxon is very similar to Luxembourgish and sounds as a form of medieval German (e.g. On the history of the Transylvanian Saxons, it is very important to note what former federal German president and professor doctor Theodor Heuss (FDP) stated, namely: "their history is a piece of German history as a whole".[21]. British Surnames (National Institute) Nonetheless, one of the consequences of the Reformation was the emergence of an almost perfect equivalence, in the Transylvanian context, of the terms Lutheran and Saxon, with the Lutheran Church in Transylvania being de facto a "Volkskirche", i.e. For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. [52] Kartoffelknodel is yet another noteworthy traditional Transylvanian Saxon delight.[53]. Saxon, member of a Germanic people who in ancient times lived in the area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast. The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral at Baia as seen in autumn. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an explanation of their meaning. This house was built by my great grandfather in 1911, and my grandparents lived here until they died in 2013 then I took over, she said. Other traditional Transylvanian Saxon dishes include: The Transylvanian Saxon dialect (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch or simply just Sksesch; German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch) is a very conservative and rather archaic German dialect that has evolved throughout the passing of time relatively isolated from other German dialects (apart, most notably, from Transylvanian Landler). Familienanzeigen der
[27] In these regards, the Saxon title could have been awarded to someone who was a non-native German speaker as well. The churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls. Erkennungsnamen haben, und diese Erkennungsnamen konnten verndert
They can be perceived as being quite related to the Zipser Saxons from present-day Slovakia (as well as other historical regions of contemporary Romania, namely Maramure and Bukovina) given the fact they are two of the oldest ethnic German groups in non-native German-speaking Central and Eastern Europe. The Saxons remaining in Romania are represented by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR), the political platform that gave Romania its fifth president, Klaus Iohannis, who was firstly elected in 2014 and then re-elected by a landslide in 2019. Staats- oder Volksangehrigkeit). ausgenommen dem Neugier-Faktor. The church is surrounded by walls 12 meters (40 feet) high and four meters (10 feet) thick. Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Middle Ages settled in Transylvania, then part of Hungary. original holder of the name, there are, Neben den in der Heimat gewachsenen Nachnamen nimmt die Liste von
These German settlers were invited by Gza II. After 1918 and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, in the wake of the Treaty of Trianon (signed in 1920), Transylvania united with the Kingdom of Romania, after the Transylvanian Saxons also voted for the union with the Romanian kingdom in February 1919. Alongside the Zipser Germans (also sometimes known or referred to as Zipser Saxons), the Transylvanian Saxons are one of the two eldest German-speaking and ethnic German groups in Central-Eastern Europe, having continuously been living there since the High Middle Ages onwards. Prof. Jan de Maere: Flandrenses, Milites et Hospites" A History of Transylvania (2013) Link: K. Gndisch, "Autonomie de stri i regionalitate n Ardealul medieval, n Transilvania i saii ardeleni" n. Nowadays, the vast majority of Transylvanian Saxons live in either Germany or Austria. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names, Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen
Barbaneagra. However, over the past few decades the community has all but vanished from the region decimated by one of modern Europes greatest ethnic migrations. The Hungarians, on the other hand, supported complete unification of Transylvania with the rest of Hungary. Good luck in your hunt! As a result, today only approximately 12,000 Saxons remain in Romania.[20]. They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). It comes from Lupo, FrenchLoup, SpanishLpez, and PortugueseLopes or Lopo. Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or
I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. The rural settlements were more protected with a series of fortified churches known as 'kirchenburgen' in standard German. Many Saxon villages in Transylvania now have just a few remaining Saxons. Of course, this policy affected Romanians as much as it did Germans. Janosch m German (Modern), Transylvanian Saxon. Its 2018 U.S. Census population estimate is 34,215. 10. It has also come in contact with Romanian and Hungarian from which several words were derived. beschreiben oder auch ihre Persnlichkeit und Manierismen). The Saxons in northeastern Transylvania were also in charge of mining. The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral built by the Transylvanian Saxons in. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialects, they were collectively known as Saxons because of Germans working for the Hungarian chancellery. Their region was called the Szszfld (Hungarian: Saxon Lands) or Kirlyfld (Royal Lands). Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). Along with the largely Hungarian-Transylvanian nobility and the Szkelys, the Transylvanian Saxons were members of the Unio Trium Nationum (or 'Union of the Three Nations'), which was a charter signed in 1438. They are still used in the Lativan diaspora. u. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Warfare between the Habsburg monarchy and Hungary against the Ottoman Empire from the 16th18th centuries decreased the population of Transylvanian Saxons. Famous Transylvanian Saxons include intellectuals Johannes Honterus, Christian Schesaeus, Johannes Sommer, Samuel von Brukenthal, Georg Maurer, Johann Bhm, or Stephan Ludwig Roth, composers such as Georg Meyndt and Carl Filtsch, visual artists such as Fritz Schullerus, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, or Friedrich Miess, scientists such as Hermann Oberth and Conrad Haas, or sportsmen such as Michael Klein, Mora Windt-Martini, or Otto Tellmann. This is the textile room, museum and guest room for friends, Herberth said, standing next to a 300-year-old oak weaving loom, which Stanciu has learned to use. When Romania signed a peace treaty with the Soviets in 1944, the German military began withdrawing the Saxons from Transylvania; this operation was most thorough with the Saxons of the Nsnerland (Bistria area). The colonization of Transylvania by ethnic Germans later collectively known as Transylvanian Saxons began under the reign of King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). German merchants arrived in the 12th century to help defend the region against the Tatars and Turks. (default) detailed compact very compact clear. Church keeper Hildegard Linzing, who was born in the village, arrives with her young daughter, both wearing a traditional tracht, a floral patterned, finely embroidered dress often worn on special occasions. Familien-Namen (Fritz Keintzel-Schn), Editura Academiei Bucuresti
The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen . The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. 4 of these people had two surnames. Transylvanian Saxons adopted surnames a little later than in western Europe, starting in the 1500's. Although many surnames are also common in other German-speaking areas, there are some distinctions due to the Saxon dialect's pronunciation and vocabulary, and due to loan-words from other languages, primarily Hungarian and Latin. Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. However, more than 70,000 Germans from Romania were arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps in contemporary Ukraine for alleged cooperation with Nazi Germany. International, Foreign, Meanings My great aunt lived here for more than 70 years, said Zakel, who bought the house last year from a family member. [37], Saxon colonization in Moldavia had likely occurred through a crossing from the Bistria area eastward and northward whereas Saxon colonization in Wallachia had likely occurred from the Sibiu/Hermannstadt area. This Traditional Saxon Potato Tarragon Soup From Transylvania is a delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the winter season. Each person in a family might have a different descriptive identifier and those
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Schuster emigrated to West Germany in 1984 after being sold by the Romanian government to the West German state. We took our traditions from our parents and grandparents, she said. It was estimated that there are approximately 300 such villages with fortified churches built by the Saxons in Transylvania during the Middle Ages.[31]. An alternative term for them in standard German is also 'wehrkirchen' (i.e. identifiers could change. [49] Another example of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is kipferl (Romanian: cornulee) which can be filled with vanilla, many types of fruit jams, but also with meat. Transylvanian Saxon intellectual Stephan Ludwig Roth also pleaded for a strengthening of the German element in Transylvania during the 19th century by means of more waves of settlers stemming from contemporary Germany while at the same time firstly supporting the rights of the ethnic Romanians. sources for similar lists for other villages. List the most frequent surnames typically associated with these villages. extensive inner and outer walls and a fortified watch tower). Nowadays, organisations representing the Transylvanian Saxons exist in Romania, Germany, Austria, Canada, and the United States (in the latter case most notably 'Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons'). Herberth, just like his ancestors would have, even brings raw wood by horse and cart from the local forest, which he says incurs far less waste and is more environmentally friendly. For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Transylvanian Saxons . Almost all became Lutheran Protestants, with very few Calvinists, while other minor segments of the Transylvanian Saxon society remained staunchly Catholic (of Latin Rite, more specifically) or were converted to Catholicism later on. Unterabteile des Websites kann man durch die Drop-Down-Liste
Hungarian-Germans, or Transylvanian-Saxons, were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by . The settlers clear the forest and build houses. The Saxons made their mark. May 5, 2018. Nonetheless, a sizable Transylvanian Saxon population also resides today in North America, most notably in the United States (specifically in Idaho, Ohio, and Colorado as well as in Canada, southern Ontario more precisely). [16] Later on, the Saxons needed to further fortify both their rural and urban settlements against invading Ottomans (or against the invading and expanding Ottoman Empire). . Die
(Although early Europeans did belong to various tribes
Period: 2002 to 2005", "Southern Bukovina German villages 1940", Jan Erich Schulte, Michael Wildt (Hg. (adjectives describing the person physically or their personality and
John the Saxon), Johannes Benkner (a former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), or Astrid Fodor (current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. . The most common names are Petru (11, 10.9%), Radu (8, 7.9%), and Stefan (8, 7.9%). Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. Michael Wei, former mayor of Media/Mediasch. Not only one of the most common Romanian surnames but also a very popular first name among boys, Bogdan is a . Stephan Ludwig Roth, an Evangelical Lutheran pastor and intellectual who led the German support for Romanian political rights, eventually opposed the unification of Transylvania with Hungary and was executed by the Hungarian military tribunal during the revolution. Bogdan. Transylvanian Saxon/Siweberjesch-Sksesch Material. Its county seat is Brevard.Transylvania County comprises the B. Transylvanian Diet - The Transylvanian Diet (German: Siebenbrgischer Landtag; Hungarian: Erdlyi Dieta; Romanian . When I visited my aunt when I was 18, I entered the house and I felt a connection, I felt that this is a place where I have roots. Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. Entire Site
". The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Johannes Benkner, former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). After all, the Saxon villages in Transylvania doubled as outposts used to defend trading routes through the countryside. Transylvania in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. 40% of the population of 1910), and between 1991 and 1992 another 75,000 emigrated. It is, therefore, very important to highlight the fact that not all Transylvanian Saxon settlers were German-speaking given the fact that they also stemmed from the contemporary Low Countries (i.e. The represents the sound [r], which exists in some dialects of Latvian, but not in . "Funken" fr einen Schmied), persnliche Merkmale (Adjektive die den Person krperlich
A dictionary of Transylvanian Saxon was published in . It . If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled "The Essential List". national costumes or Schsische Trachten). The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). Biertan fortified church (German: Birthlm) was the see of the Evangelical Lutheran Bishop in Transylvania between 1572 and 1867. The period of Roman decline in the northwest area of the empire was marked by vigorous Saxon piracy in the North Sea. Building them was a shared community effort and worthy journey, but it hasnt been easy. Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (Jerman) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (Jerman) Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The word is made of two Slavic language words, namely 'bogu' meaning 'god' and 'dan' meaning 'given.'. " Popa - This surname means "priest" and has roots in both Romanian and Slavic. Ergnzt durch Logik und andere Forschungsquellen, u.a. I cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said. Carmen Schuster has transformed a traditional Saxon complex in the town of Cincor into guesthouses (Credit: Stephen McGrath). The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of . Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialectal varieties, they came to be collectively referred to as 'Saxons' because of Germans working for the royal Hungarian chancellery.[18][19]. You should do something with this heritage by preserving it, put it in line for other people, especially for tourists, in 10 or 20 years it can be a sustainable model, said Schuster, who describes these buildings as part of her inner landscape. Paul Milata: Zwischen Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu. associated with Transylvanian villages - Source: sszdied database
Settlers from the Hermannstadt region spread into the Hrtibaciu River valley (German: Harbachtal) and to the foot of the Cibin (German: Zibin) and Sebe (German: Mhlbacher) mountains. 9. Hello all, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language. Although they remained a rich and influential group, the Saxons were no longer a dominant class within Modern Age Transylvania. Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. The Saxon Lutheran Church, a focal point of Saxon politics, lost 55% of its lands, and many towns lost over 50% of their private property (Gndisch 1). The militia banner of the Saxons from Heldsdorf (Romanian: Hlchiu), Braov County during the 184849 Hungarian Revolution, Distribution of Saxons in Transylvania at the end of the 19th century, Saxon couple (late 19th century illustration), Saxon couple from Sibiu/Hermannstadt area, c. 1900. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of the 12th century. z.B. The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of mainly German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. . [36] In the case of the first settlement (i.e. A common interpretation of the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, dated to 26 June 1284 and recorded in Hamelin records that (the earliest of such records dating from 1384: "It is 100 years since our children left") when a group of 130 children from the town of Hamelin (German: Hameln), in present-day Lower Saxony, were led away from their hometown by a piper (who may be a folk memory of a lokator) is that this related to an emigration event as part of the Ostsiedlung (i.e. [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. aside from Luxembourg, also contemporary Netherlands and Belgium) and from modern day France as well. Due to this emigration from Romania the population of Saxons is dwindling. Surnames are now important in identifying individuals and families over time. [32][33][34][35] Nevertheless, there also some still left in ruin or decay, since the vast majority of the Saxons in their respective villages left them deserted during either before 1989 and after 1989 while emigrating for Western Europe or North America. The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. Structured data. Join Geni to explore your genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. Sie kamen durch mit nur einen Namen
We want to pass on our traditions to our children because it is something beautiful. Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (in German) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . THE TRANSYLVANIAN SAXONS IN 1848 The Germans of Transylvania, commonly called the Saxons, settled in the 12th and 13th centuries between Orastie and Brasov in the southeast and in the northeast around Bistrita. [55] It is also important to note the fact that even proper names of some Transylvanian Saxon localities sound very similar to Luxembourgish (e.g. . Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the Kingdom of Hungary. The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (nemko) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (nemko) (Obwohl die frhen Europer whrend der Rmerzeit
However, the Habsburgs still promoted Roman Catholicism to the Saxons during the Counter-Reformation. The lowest figure indicates the approximate contemporary distribution mostly in Transylvania, central Romania, whereas the highest one applies worldwide. . In its early years, it included the territories of Hermannstadt, Leschkirch (Nocrich), and Gro-Schenk (Cincu), the areas that were colonized the earliest by ethnic Germans in the region. Transylvania County, North Carolina - Transylvania County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. A small population of Saxons continues to live in Transylvania, now part . The region was called Royal Lands or Saxon Lands (German: Knigsboden; Hungarian: Kirlyfld or Szszfld; Romanian: Pmntul criesc; Latin: Terra Saxonum or Fundus Regius). (Bhlau Verlag, Kln), 1976. 10 feet ) high and four meters ( 40 feet ) high and four meters 40. 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