[142] Belief in demonic possession continued through the Middle Ages into the early modern period. [136] The theory was later expanded by theologians such as Gregory of Nyssa and Rufinus of Aquileia. [126][127] In his apologetic treatise Contra Celsum, however, Origen interprets both Isaiah 14:12 and Ezekiel 28:1215 as referring to Satan. [238], The main deity in the tentatively Indo-European pantheon of the Yazidis, Melek Taus, is similar to the devil in Christian and Islamic traditions, as he refused to bow down before humanity. [29] In the end, Job remains faithful and righteous, and it is implied that the satan is shamed in his defeat. [218] If a Muslim feels that Satan is inciting him to sin, he is advised to seek refuge with God by reciting: "In the name of Allah, I seek refuge in you, from Satan the outcast." [221] In the same way that Muhammad was the instrument of God's mercy,[220] Sufis regard Satan as the instrument of God's wrath. [81], Medieval Christians were known to adapt previously existing pagan iconography to suit depictions of Christian figures. "The Doctrine of Satan: II. [78], Satan plays a role in some of the parables of Jesus, namely the Parable of the Sower, the Parable of the Weeds, Parable of the Sheep and the Goats, and the Parable of the Strong Man. [citation needed] When Hellstrom was a young adolescent, Victoria interrupted a ritual sacrifice "Satan" had staged in their basement involving the participation of Satana. [29] Yahweh points out Job's continued faithfulness, to which the satan insists that more testing is necessary;[29] Yahweh once again gives him permission to test Job. [255] Dante and Virgil climb up Satan's shaggy legs until gravity is reversed and they fall through the earth into the southern hemisphere. [194] 7:156 implies that those who obey God's laws are immune to the temptations of Satan. [8][187][185] All the angels bowed, but Iblis refused,[8][187][185] claiming to be superior to Adam because he was made from fire; whereas Adam was made from clay (7:12). [15] The first occurrence of the word "satan" in the Hebrew Bible in reference to a supernatural figure comes from Numbers 22:22[16],[7] which describes the Angel of Yahweh confronting Balaam on his donkey:[6] "Balaam's departure aroused the wrath of Elohim, and the Angel of Yahweh stood in the road as a satan against him. [149] Henry Ansgar Kelly remarks that Satan "comes across as the opposite of fearsome. [210] Modern Muslims almost universally reject this story as heretical, as it calls the integrity of the Quran into question. [45] Yahweh acquiesces this request[45] and Mastema uses them to tempt humans into committing more sins, so that he may punish them for their wickedness. Caldwell, William. Accordingly Satan became a devil (shain) or jinn after he refused to obey. [195], In the Quran, Satan is apparently an angel,[185] but, in 18:50, he is described as "from the jinns". [46][47], The Second Book of Enoch, also called the Slavonic Book of Enoch, contains references to a Watcher called Satanael. "[158], In the late fifteenth century, a series of witchcraft panics erupted in France and Germany. To adherents, he also serves as a conceptual framework and an external metaphorical projection of the Satanist's highest personal potential. [125] He concluded that Isaiah 14:12 is an allegory for Satan and that Ezekiel 28:1215 is an allusion to "a certain Angel who had received the office of governing the nation of the Tyrians," but was hurled down to Earth after he was found to be corrupt. [26] In the text, Job is a righteous man favored by Yahweh. [67], Each modern sect of Judaism has its own interpretation of Satan's identity. Alex Sanders, a former black magician, served as a consultant on the film to ensure that the rituals portrayed in it were depicted accurately. Muslims are also obliged to "seek refuge" before reciting the Quran. Satan, in the three major Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the prince of evil spirits and adversary of God. In the New Testament the Greek transliteration Satanas is used, and this usually appears as Satan in English translations. [265][267] The English poet and painter William Blake famously quipped that "The reason Milton wrote in fetters when he wrote of Angels & God, and at liberty when of Devils & Hell, is because he was a true poet and of the Devils party without knowing it. Adrev for Rights Holder (on behalf of Soho Production Music - Bosworth (Soho Production Music)); BMI - Broadcast Music [194] He fulfilled his duty for a thousand years before growing negligent,[185] but was rehabilitated again and resumed his position until his refusal to bow before Adam. : "Angel of Death" Worshipped in LA", "The Devil We Used to Know: Portrayals of the Devil in Media", "The Devil's Chord: A History of Satanism in Popular Music", "Robert Johnson sells his souls to the devil", "Black Sabbath and the Secret of Scary Music", "Terminology Centered Around Satan and the Devil", "Antichrist: An Interview with Bernard McGinn", "A modern pope gets old school on the Devil: A renewed interest in exorcism", "18% of Brits believe in possession by the devil", "From 'Touched by an Angel' to 'Lucifer': TV's Heavenly Creatures Are Evolving", Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satan&oldid=1139994538, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020, Pages with numeric Bible version references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. 130K followers. p. 177, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPetersen2005 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDraven2010 (, Triptych of Earthly Vanity and Divine Salvation, The History of the Damnable Life and the Deserved Death of Doctor John Faustus, The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, Jesus separating the sheep from the goats. Ibn Abbas asserts that the word jinn could be applied to earthly jinn, but also to "fiery angels" like Satan. [184] Instead, the "indwelling" view has become more accepted,[184] which stipulates that the Antichrist is a human figure inhabited by Satan,[184] since the latter's power is not to be seen as equivalent to God's. [210] According to this narrative, Muhammad was told by Satan to add words to the Quran which would allow Muslims to pray for the intercession of pagan goddesses. [258] The legend of Faust, recorded in the 1589 chapbook The History of the Damnable Life and the Deserved Death of Doctor John Faustus,[259] concerns a pact allegedly made by the German scholar Johann Georg Faust with a demon named Mephistopheles agreeing to sell his soul to Satan in exchange for twenty-four years of earthly pleasure. [223] Some Sufis assert, since Iblis was destined by God to become a devil, God will also restore him to his former angelic nature. WebNo, satan can not duplicate himself. [188][185] After his banishment from Paradise, Iblis, who thereafter became known as Al-Shaitan ("the Demon"),[188] lured Adam and Eve into eating the forbidden fruit. The maniacal mastermind who is female and more diabolical version of Satan. [123] Ezekiel 28:1215 uses a description of a cherub in Eden as a polemic against Ithobaal II, the king of Tyre. [232][233] It consists of loosely affiliated or independent groups and cabals, which all agree that Satan is a real entity. [77] Each time Jesus rebukes Satan[77] and, after the third temptation, he is administered by the angels. The mosaic "Christ the Good Sheppard" features a blue-violet angel at the left hand side of Christ behind three goats; opposite to a red angel on the right hand side and in front of sheep. [296] According to legend, blues musician Tommy Johnson was a terrible guitarist before exchanging his soul to the Devil for a guitar. In some cases, it is translated as 'Satan': The word does not occur in the Book of Genesis, which mentions only a talking serpent and does not identify the serpent with any supernatural entity. [209] In another tradition recorded by Al-Tabari, Satan was one of the earthly jinn, who was taken captive by the angels[194][185] and brought to Heaven as a prisoner. [98][99] The second chapter of the Second Epistle of Peter, a pseudepigraphical letter which falsely claims to have been written by Peter,[100] copies much of the content of the Epistle of Jude,[100] but omits the specifics of the example regarding Michael and Satan, with 2 Peter 2:1011 instead mentioning only an ambiguous dispute between "Angels" and "Glories". [162] The panic over witchcraft intensified in the 1620s and continued until the end of the 1600s. Omissions? Satans Sister Becoming the Oil and the Wine. Giuseppe Tartini was inspired to write his most famous work, the Violin Sonata in G minor, also known as "The Devil's Trill", after dreaming of the Devil playing the violin. [249][250][251][252] An example is the Satanic ritual abuse scare of the 1980sbeginning with the memoir Michelle Rememberswhich depicted Satanism as a vast conspiracy of elites with a predilection for child abuse and human sacrifice. [297] Satanic symbolism appears in rock music from the 1960s. [255] In his three mouths, Satan gnaws on Brutus, Judas Iscariot, and Cassius,[255] whom Dante regarded as having betrayed the "two greatest heroes of the human race":[256] Julius Caesar, the founder of the new order of government, and Jesus, the founder of the new order of religion. In one painting, however, Iblis wears a traditional Islamic head covering. [290], The film version of Ira Levin's Rosemary's Baby established made Satanic themes a staple of mainstream horror fiction. [160][161] In the late 1500s, the Dutch demonologist Johann Weyer argued in his treatise De praestigiis daemonum that witchcraft did not exist,[162] but that Satan promoted belief in it to lead Christians astray. [93][94][95] Some interpreters understand this reference to be an allusion to the events described in Zechariah 3:12. In the Synoptic Gospels, Satan tempts Jesus in the desert and is identified as the cause of illness and temptation. Leiden, Germany: Brill Publishers. [72][73] Beelzebub, meaning "Lord of Flies", is the contemptuous name given in the Hebrew Bible and New Testament to a Philistine god whose original name has been reconstructed as most probably "Ba'al Zabul", meaning "Baal the Prince". Many interpret Isaiah 14:12, which describes the fallen angel Lucifer, being cast from heaven, as According to the stories of the 16th-century occultist Johann Weyer, Beelzebub led a successful revolt against the Devil, is the chief lieutenant of Lucifer, the Emperor of Hell, and presides over the Order of the Fly.Similarly, the 17th-century exorcist Sbastien Michalis, in his For personifications of evil in various cultures, see, "The Devil" redirects here. WebNow Satan and those who followed him are fallen angelsno longer part of Gods heavenly army, but separated from heavens glory forever. [111][8] This verse, however, is probably intended to identify Satan with the Leviathan,[111] a monstrous sea-serpent whose destruction by Yahweh is prophesied in Isaiah 27:1. Corrections? [57] Nonetheless, the word satan has occasionally been metaphorically applied to evil influences,[58] such as the Jewish exegesis of the yetzer hara ("evil inclination") mentioned in Genesis 6:5. Lucifer Morningstar / SamaelSamael "Lucifer Morningstar" The Devil, Ruler of HellFamilyGod of Creation (father) Goddess of Creation (mother) Amenadiel (older [262] The poem, which draws extensive inspiration from Greek tragedy,[263] recreates Satan as a complex literary character,[264] who dares to rebel against the "tyranny" of God,[265][266] in spite of God's own omnipotence. [24] In 1 Kings 22:1925,[25] the prophet Micaiah describes to King Ahab a vision of Yahweh sitting on his throne surrounded by the Host of Heaven. [130] In Christian tradition ever since, both Isaiah 14:12[131][132] and Ezekiel 28:1215 have been understood as allegorically referring to Satan. [163] John Winthrop claimed that the Devil made rebellious Puritan women give birth to stillborn monsters with claws, sharp horns, and "on each foot three claws, like a young fowl. [105], Revelation 12:3 describes a vision of a Great Red Dragon with seven heads, ten horns, seven crowns, and a massive tail,[106] an image which is likely inspired by the vision of the four beasts from the sea in the Book of Daniel[107] and the Leviathan described in various Old Testament passages. [274] The Devil was never shown in early Christian artwork[272][273] and may have first appeared in the sixth century in one of the mosaics of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo. [48] It is a pseudepigraphic text of an uncertain date and unknown authorship. To earthly jinn, but also to `` fiery angels '' like Satan France and Germany to. 123 ] Ezekiel 28:1215 uses a description of a cherub in Eden as a framework! And this usually appears as Satan in English translations are fallen angelsno longer of... Gregory of Nyssa and Rufinus of Aquileia man favored by Yahweh the desert and is identified as cause... 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